International Criminal Law Free Essay Example, 3500 words

Lemkin felt, during his documentation of Hitler’s offenses, strongly felt that such practices justified a reconsideration of some principle in international law. He states the issue as â€Å"whether government can destroy with impunity its own citizens and whether such acts of destruction are domestic affairs or matters of international concern. Practically speaking, should the moral right of humanitarian intervention be converted into a right under international law? †7 The implications of this question require a rethinking of the principles of criminal law which holds that criminal jurisdiction vests in a court when the crime is committed within the territorial jurisdiction of that court. Normally therefore, where a crime is committed even by a state’s own national, but outside its territory, no action may be brought against the national in that state Lemkin’s question proposes to make genocide an international crime, where action can be brought in a tribunal in another state for crimes committed outside its territory. Lemkin likened genocide to piracy, where the act is treated as a crime under the law of nations, in which case every state should be able to take jurisdiction over such acts irrespective of the nationality of the offender and of the place where the crime was committed. In 1945, the German war criminals were indicted on the crime of genocide and other offenses, for the extermination of the Jews, Poles, Gypsies, and ot her racial or religious groups. We will write a custom essay sample on International Criminal Law or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The term genocide had to be created to encompass the legal concept of the destruction of human groups, with the intent to â€Å"wipe out entirely the biological power of the neighbours of Germany, so that Germany might win a permanent victory, whether directly through military subjugation or indirectly through geological destruction. Germany’s eventual defeat is immaterial, for as long as its neighbours whom it considered its enemies would be so weakened that Germany would be able to recover its strength years after its defeat8. Consequently, in August 1945, the triumphant World War II Allies decided that the high Nazi officials shall be held accountable through a series of criminal trials. In order to realize this, they appended a list of â€Å"crimes against humanity† to the Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of the Major War Criminals. The so-called crimes against humanity were defined as â€Å"murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war, or persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds in execution of or in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, whether or not in violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated. †9 Extermination and persecution â€Å"’Crimes against humanity’ is an international criminal justice offence; the pertpetration of acts of war upon a civilian, non-soldier population. †10 As related in the previous section, it was appended to the document entitled Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of the Major War Criminals, which was put into effect in the Nuremberg trials.

Death Penalty Essay - 1146 Words

Thesis It is more reasonable to utilize the death penalty than to abolish it. The death penalty should not be abolished because (1) it deters people from committing murder and (2) because the death penalty gives peace of mind to the victims and their families and puts an end to the crime.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Arguments for the thesis (1) The death penalty should not be abolished because the fear of the highest form of punishment will keep potential victims alive. (2) The death penalty should not be abolished because the families of the victims can only begin the healing process once the murderer is put to death. Response to objections to the thesis (1) Objection: The death penalty should be abolished because even the†¦show more content†¦(1) Most murders happen in the passion of the moment, however, serial killers, burglars, gang members, and others who plan their crime in advance can and do think of the possibilities. Many criminals don’t carry weapons while committing crimes, for example, to keep from killing, as Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania recalls: My twelve years’ experience in the Philadelphia District Attorney’s Office convinced me that the death penalty is a deterrent to crime. I saw many cases where professional burglars and robbers refused to carry weapons, for fear that a killing would occur and they would be charged with murder in the first degree, carrying the death penalty.(2) Because the death penalty is final and more feared than imprisonment, it deters some prospective murderers not deterred by the thought of imprisonment. Abolitionist’s main argument is that capitol punishment can’t remove the evil from society. No matter what the juridical laws that a country holds, heinous crimes will haunt and spread fear throughout as long as mankind is on this earth. There have been numerous studies that have concluded that the death penalty is not a deterrent. One of which is from the National Academy of Sciences. They concluded: â€Å"it seems unthinkable to us to base decisions onShow MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penal ty Essay example812 Words   |  4 Pagesa person’s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.† I would like to see if a person’s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty: Capital Punishment and Violent Crime1570 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment and Violent Crime Hypothesis Most Americans are pro-death penalty, even though they dont really believe that it is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Those who are pro-death penalty will remain so, even if faced with the best arguments of anti-death penalty activists and told to assume the arguments were absolutely true. Violent crime Violent crime is a major problem in the United States. According to the ACLU, the violent crime rate rose sixty-one percentRead MoreEssay on Article Analysis: OSullivans View of the Death Penalty1536 Words   |  7 PagesBritain should have the death penalty. O’Sullivan addresses all the main counter arguments when explain to his audience his conclusion. His supporting evidence includes death penalty decisions in history and several other statistics. Emotionally terms, faulty cause and effects scenarios, and either/or point of views are other ways the author conveys his opinion to the audience. The article begins with an overall theme threw out O’Sullivan’s piece: does the death penalty appropriately punishRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, â€Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyei ng or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the â€Å"new found† legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailed

The poem Ithaca Essay Example For Students

The poem Ithaca Essay There are over 6 billion people in this world. They are all different and therefore all choose to live their lives in different ways. There are some individuals who always thrive to achieve more. They always want to do more, hear more, see more, whereas some individuals have a few selective goals and once those are achieved become perfectly content with their lives and where they are. There are many other ways people believe they should live their lives and thats how they live them. The author, Constantine Cavafy develops a certain idea of how individuals should live their life in the poem Ithaca. He believes that individuals should aim to accomplish the maximum amount of goals in their lives so that they will not have any regrets and can learn from the journey they take to accomplish these goals, because that is the most important part. They main points from this is that people should have many goals throughout their lives, they should be determined and not let things get in the way of accomplishing their goals and even more importantly, that they should learn from the journey. In the poem the author develops the idea that Individuals should have many aims throughout their lives and also enjoy their lives. The poet states that as the traveler sets out on his journey, he must hope that it is a long one, full of adventure and discovery. The destination of this journey is Ithaca, a Greek island, which was the destination of a mythical warrior named Odysseus who was made famous in Homers poems. Ithaca is a metaphor to the destination of the journey of life; therefore the author is stating that an individual should hope their life is long and full of adventure and discovery. Thought individuals lives they should take advantage of as many opportunities as possible to be able to get the ultimate experience. At many a summer dawn to enter with what gratitude, what joy -, expresses that an individual should not be ungrateful for the joyous moments in life, whether the joy is just for a short period or long. This extract refers to the joyous moments: ports seen for the first time; to stop at Phoenician trading centres, and to buy good merchandise, mother of pearl and coral, amber and ebony, and sensuous perfumes of every kind, sensuous perfumes as lavishly as you can;

10 Types of Apostrophe Errors You Should Avoid

10 Types of Apostrophe Errors You Should Avoid 10 Types of Apostrophe Errors You Should Avoid 10 Types of Apostrophe Errors You Should Avoid By Mark Nichol Even considering how many ways the apostrophe can be employed, erroneous use of punctuation mark is endemic. Here are brief discussions of ten categories of apostrophe abuse (including one writers and editors must let stand, even though it may pain them to do so). 1. With Plurals Writing the plural form of a noun in which an apostrophe precedes the plural s, such as when taxi’s is written instead if taxis, is a common error. (This mistake is known as a greengrocer’s apostrophe due to its ubiquity in hand-written- and even printed- store signs.) 2. With Pronouns Pronouns are followed by an apostrophe and s only as contractions (for example, he’s). Possessive pronouns (such as theirs and yours) never include an apostrophe. 3. With Shared Possession When two or more people or other entities are described as separately owning something, each name should be in possessive form: â€Å"John’s and Jane’s houses are the same color.† But when they share possession, include an apostrophe and an s after the last name only: â€Å"John and Jane’s house is just down the block.† 4. With the Possessive Form of a Surname That shingle on your neighbor’s porch should not read, â€Å"The Brown’s house,† unless your neighbor’s legal name is â€Å"the Brown.† A sign identifying the residence of the Browns should read â€Å"The Browns’ house† (or simply â€Å"The Browns†). 5. With the Plural Form of an Abbreviation No apostrophe is required with plurals of abbreviations. Write, for example, â€Å"They disarmed or detonated several IEDs† (not IED’s). 6. With the Plural Form of a Numeral In the rare case of indicating more than one instance of a numeral, do not use an apostrophe: â€Å"Write three 7s on a piece of paper† (not 7’s). 7. With a Span of Years Some publications persist in using an apostrophe in a reference to a span of years, but that form is outdated: Write, for example, â€Å"The style, which flourished briefly in the 1960s, made a comeback several decades later† (not 1960’s) and â€Å"He continued to work well into his 70s† (not 70’s). Generally, an apostrophe should follow a number only if it is possessive (â€Å"It was 1985’s longest-reigning Top 40 hit†), though this style is awkward. (An exception is use of a number to stand in for a person, such as when an athlete is identified by a uniform number, as in â€Å"It was number 13’s lucky day.†) 8. With the Plural Form of a Word Used as a Word Don’t apostrophize the conjunctions in â€Å"There are no ifs, ands, or buts about it† or the counterpoints in â€Å"A helpful list of dos and don’ts follows.† (Do, however, retain the intrinsic apostrophe in the plural form of don’t.) 9. With the Plural Form of a Letter Used as a Letter Even when a letter is italicized, it still looks awkward to simply place an s next to it to indicate plurality, so do insert an apostrophe: â€Å"How many m’s do you spell hmm with?† (Follow this rule even when, in the case of an expression such as â€Å"Mind your p’s and q’s,† italicization isn’t necessary.) However, omit an apostrophe when pluralizing capital letters: â€Å"She received only As and Bs on her last report card.† 10. With Brand Names Many brand names, such as Starbucks Coffee, that technically should include apostrophes don’t, for one of two reasons (or both): A company decides that the brand name and/or logo look better without an apostrophe, or it reasons that it’s better to omit the punctuation mark so that people typing the URL for the company’s website into a Web browser or searching for it (or for other references to the company) online won’t have difficulty doing so. Yes, â€Å"Starbucks Coffee† is a â€Å"mistake,† but one the company has the right to make (and writers and editors have an obligation to honor). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business EmailsHow to spell "in lieu of"Ebook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

What the woods or jungle symbolize Essay Example

What the woods or jungle symbolize Essay Example What the woods or jungle symbolize Essay What the woods or jungle symbolize Essay Essay Topic: The Jungle Life, most importantly, the risks involved in it are symbolized by the jungle or woods in the story. The character who does not hesitate to take risks in his life is Ben. Literally, he entered the jungle with the intention of realizing his dreams. In this way, he gained control of his own life. On the other hand, the protagonist is afraid and is actually losing his grip onto his life. When he lost his job, Willy told his sons that the woods are on fire (2. 2). Moreover, Ben tells Willy that even while the jungle is dark, he must nonetheless enter into it (2. 8). What the Garden symbolizes The protagonists desire to afford for his family a good life is symbolized by the garden in the story. Prior to the building of the apartment blocks, the produce from Willys garden grow in abundance. However the physical development in their neighborhood altered the case of his garden. The protagonist is attempting to cultivate something for his family. For instance, he wanted to become successful so that he can very well provide for them. Willy was almost a success in doing this. However, he eventually failed to transform is dream into reality. Toward the end of the story, one of the last things he did prior to his demise is to plant seeds in his garden. It is indeed, a futile attempt. Success, for Willy is something he most desperately craves but never possessed. What the Brand Names and the Car symbolize The use of brand names in the story, such as Studebaker, Hastings, Simonize, and Chevrolet aids in heightening the realism of the story (1. 3). These brands regarded as status symbols also signify the material success that the protagonist craves for and how it eventually proves to be hollow. Willy is deceived into believing that the possession of these things is tantamount to success. Perhaps the most suggestive symbol presented in the story is that of the car. Community and family pride are symbolized in the weekend excursions and polishing. Still, the car also signifies the instrument by which the protagonist earns a living. Just like the car, Willy also comes to the point when he wears out (Otten 54). What the Rubber Hose symbolizes The appearance of the rubber hose calls to mind the desperate attempt of the protagonist to take his own life. He tried to commit suicide by inhaling gas (2. 8). Ironically, gas represents one of the most important elements needed to produce heat which is something essential for the comfort and health of his family. Death, in the literal sense achieved by means of inhaling gas is comparable to the metaphorical death that the protagonist feels in his efforts to provide a basic necessity for his family. The theme of death is directly related to the symbolism represented by the rubber hose in the story. Willys attempt to inhale gas to kill him self denotes his intention of escaping the realities of his existence. He tries to escape the difficulties of losing his job and his failure to realize success. Deception and grief is also signified by the rubber hose. Willys wife is bewildered over the supposed purpose of the rubber hose when she found it inside their house (2. 1). The deceiving nature of the rubber hose is manifested the moment Biff asked his father about it and the latter denies its existence (2. 1). What the tape recorder symbolizes The change in the protagonists life by means of the advancement in technology is symbolized by the tape recorder. Likewise, it symbolizes the end of his career as a salesman. The moment Howard, his boss presented the tape recorder to him, it seems that Howard is more interested in the technology and sound of the equipment than on his employee who is trying to stay on the job (2. 2). Unfortunately, the services that Willy can offer is not longer needed on the job. He is then fired by his boss. Nonetheless, Willy also had his faults. He does not welcome change and would rather dwell on the past. The scene where the protagonist is left alone with the equipment and unable to turn it off foretells his reluctance to change (2. 2). He still believes and would not want to change his old formula for success. However, in his job, what matters is whom you know and not what you know. He is not up-to-date with the latest in technology or even in business. Nonetheless, he never lost hope. He wanted to leave something behind for his family when his time comes. This intention is signified by his act of planting seeds in the garden. What the downward movements imply The words down, falling, and fall as well as the movement they suggest repeatedly appears in the story. They stress the downfall of the protagonist and his family. The term â€Å"beaten down† is used to describe the protagonist (1. 6). Willy is also described to fall down in the bed with his mistress at one point in the story. He fell on his knees when his eldest son discovered his affair with another woman. Biff, his eldest son ran down eleven flights of stairs after stealing a pen from the office of Oliver. Ultimately, his wife dropped flowers down his grave as he was finally laid to rest (2. 9). He wanted to leave something behind to his eldest son. In his fantasy, he wanted his eldest son to be a successful man. Willys act of planting seeds in the garden symbolizes his dream for Biff. However, Willy is destined to fail despite his actions. He began to plant seeds in the garden in the evening, the time of day where there is no light from the sun (Griffin 54). Obviously, the planted seeds need sunlight in order to grow. Furthermore, large apartment buildings started to rise around their home suggesting a sense of confinement (Bigsby 117). As stressed earlier, Willys planting of the seeds is a futile act. Nonetheless, the protagonist is persistent on his efforts to seek pardon and reconciliation. The aforementioned symbols represent the protagonists failed dreams as well as his reluctance to change, thus his inability to live his life in the now. The story is filled with symbols which when carefully scrutinized allows the audience to decipher the messages that the author seeks to convey. The symbols also help the audience to better understand the characters portrayed. The story repeatedly stresses the failure of the man who is not exactly as successful as he claims to be. Willy misspends his meager salary by purchasing a new pair of stockings for his mistress. Such action develops into further disappointments including his inability to support his family. The protagonist attempts to raise his eldest son in resemblance of him. He wanted Biff to be hard working and ambitious like him. However, when his eldest son grew to become otherwise, Willy takes on the blame. After interpreting the hidden meanings behind identified symbols in the story, the audience can find it easer to understand the personality of the characters portrayed. The protagonist, Willy Loman, is an ambitious man. However, he is a failure in two of his most important roles in life – that of a husband to Linda and a father to Biff and Happy. The symbolism throughout the story is presented on contrasts (Murphy 7). It is built on the everyday and the ordinary contrasted against the distant and the impossible. It is likewise built on the blissful camaraderie of the days gone by with the lonely, disturbing present. Similarly, the symbolism in the story is built on fantasy with reality as well as on the selfish law of the jungle with love. Recollections of the Loman residence prior to the development in their neighborhood are that of a happy past. At present, with apartment buildings closing in, it is not possible to plant anything in the yard. Nonetheless, the protagonist still attempts to do so on his last day. The image of Willy carrying a flashlight in the evening, planting lettuce, beet, and carrot seeds in the barren land, encapsulates the senselessness of the life he lived as well as the heritage he leaves behind as his â€Å"seed. † The jungle, diamonds, timberlands, and frontiers represent the things beyond your reach. On the other hand, the refrigerator and the car among other things signify Willy’s daily struggles and frustrations in life. The picture of the life-giving water in the tank is placed in contrast to the symbol of suicide which his wife discovers, the black rubber pipe with an attachment that fits the gas pipe of the heater. The characters in the story act and sound like normal people, dealing with common domestic as well as social concerns. Still, the flashback dream sequences of the protagonist as well as the ever more apparent symbolism in the story’s clever objection to accepted social expectations also meet the requirements of an expressionistic work, which does not portray real life so much as subjective representation of life. The story presents a portrait of a man who managed to strike an emotional chord which continues to resound. Willy Loman is a man of his time. However, to a certain extent, he is also timeless. He has fascinated audiences the world over and continues to fascinate them until now. Abbotson, Susan C. W. Student Companion to Arthur Miller. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. Bigsby, C. W. E. Arthur Miller: A Critical Study. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Building a power base Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Building a power base - Essay Example This will happen if and only if I strictly follow the power-building plan that I have. Being a professional and team player tops the list of actions in the power-building plan. To become a supervisor, one needs to prove to the organization that they know their work and that they can work well with the other members of the staff. I am no exception to this and so I have to behave in a manner that shows that I understand what is expected of me. To achieve this, I need to have a decent dress code that will show that I am a nurse; I have to come to work on time and spend extra time socializing with my patients and knowing what is affecting them. To show my professionalism, I need to respect my supervisor and always ensure that I follow their instructions carefully. Every place has its set rules and the healthcare agency is not an exception. To show that I have the ability to become a supervisor, I have to ensure that I know the hospital rules and follow them effectively. This includes reporting time, the dressing code, the way to interact with the patients and the entire w orkforce (Yoder. 2011). Effective communication is one most important element in achieving the goals. This means that I have to effective communicate with all the players in the agency. I have to ensure that through my communication I am able to recognize ranks and ensure that I do not spoil things with my communication. Getting outside help is also important. I have to look at various supervisors and what they did to achieve their current positions. After this, I have to develop leadership qualities. There is no better way of doing this than following the rules of the agency. I also have to ensure that I always see problems in the agency and report them for fixture. Ensuring that the needs of the workforce are met is also an important tool as it allows one to be loved by other members of the workforce. Lastly, I have to get empowerment from other

TERM PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

TERM PAPER - Essay Example Yet in an information security survey of 4,255 information technology and information security managers, forty one percent of respondents said they do not have formal security policies (Anthes, 1998). When asked to identify potential threats to their security, the respondents were almost twice as likely to identify hackers over employees as the threat. However, from the literature, it appears that when comparing outside hacking to insider intruding, the greatest threat to computer security comes from the latter (Salierno, 2000; Anthes, 1998; Davis, 1997; Ernst & Young Survey, 1995; Fillon, 1990; Jelcich, 1987). Given that the literature seems to indicate employees pose the greatest threat to information security in general, this leads more specifically to questions about the security of medical records at hospitals. The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of the impact of information security policy and its effect on the number and seriousness of computer abuse incidents that involve the security of personal medical information maintained at hospitals. In addition, further research may be needed to convince other organizations that information security policy is a vital ingredient in the formula for maintaining a competitive advantage (Schneider and Therkalsen, 1990). The proliferation of electronic patient records (EPR) within the health care information infrastructure presents significant benefits for healthcare providers and their patients, but also creates challenges for those healthcare providers. The benefits include enhanced patient autonomy, improved clinical treatment, advances in health research, and public health surveillance The challenge to providers due to this proliferation is the creation of legal challenges in three interrelated areas: privacy of identifiable health information, reliability and quality of health care, and tort based liability (Hodge, et. al., 1999). Our medical records contain some very mundane information about us such as our height, weight, color of hair and eyes, blood type, and our bouts with colds and other illnesses. However, our medical records also contain information on our fertility, emotions, psychiatric makeup, sexual behavior, substance abuse, and genetic predisposition to disease. Access co this information must be controlled because it is information that could potentially be used to the detriment of the patient (Rindfleisch, 1997). Just as corporations protect their proprietary information, patient health records must be