Dangers of Childhood Immunizations Essay

Evidence Supporting Thesis â€Å"In order to understand the ‘safety’ of vaccines, you have to know several things, including how a baby’s immune system works from birth onwards, and what vaccines do biochemically in the body. That work has never been done.† Found in the book Just a Little Prick by Hilary Butler No one medical treatment will work the same way on every person it is used on, so why would we expect for generalized vaccines to work the same way in every child? It is merely impossible to know how your child’s immune system will respond to vaccines, but there are consequences set in place for parents like myself who do not believe in giving annual vaccines. For example: if your child’s vaccines are not up to date, then your child is not allowed to go to school, be involved in team sports, and a host of other activities. Main Points Studies have not been done to show how each individual vaccine affects the body in both positive and negative ways. Alternative measures should be available for those parents who are against vaccinating their children. More studies need to be conducted to see what role, if any, vaccinations play in the behavioral aspect of a child’s development. Studies have not been done to show how each individual vaccine affects the body in both positive and negative ways. What are the positive effects that vaccines have on a child’s body? Vaccines can help to prevent some of the serious complications that occur as a result of serious diseases. Vaccines help to ensure that if a child comes in contact with a disease, they will only develop a mild case of the disease versus a child never having the vaccine who develops a natural immunity to the disease which will in turn cause the non-vaccinated child to have very severe complications. Varicella Infection leads to Pneumonia if no vaccine has been given. Polio Infection leads to permanent paralysis if no vaccine has been given. Mumps Infection could lead to deafness and infertility in young boys if no vaccine has been given. Hib infection can lead to permanent brain damage if no vaccine has been given. Vaccinations help to build immunity to diseases that may be foreign strains of normal diseases. * *   What are the negative effects that vaccines have on a child’s body? Because there have not been any studies on the exact biochemical effect that vaccines have on a child’s body, there is not much supporting evidence to why vaccines are negative. However, there are some studies that suggest that vaccines may be closely tied to various behavior problems such as adhd, add, and the ever controversial autism. It has been proven that vaccines cause mild side effects such as swelling, fever, flu-like symptoms, and in more severe cases: seizures. Alternative measures should be available to parents who are opposed to vaccinating their children. The bottom line School age children are required to have up-to-date vaccinations before being allowed to attend school. There aren’t any alternative options for parents who do not believe in vaccinating their children Children are not allowed to attend school. Children are not allowed to participate in group activities such as team sports, and clubs. Are we really harming our children by vaccinating them? Studies have not been done to show how each individual vaccine affects the body in both positive and negative ways. Alternative measures should be available for those parents who are against vaccinating their children. * 3.More studies need to be conducted to see what role, if any, vaccinations play in the behavioral aspect of a child’s development.

Ban the Box Argumentative Essay

With America being the land of opportunity, the U. S has presented quite a few disadvantaged Americans’ with not so many opportunities. Especially those people of who have been arrested for a criminal crime. This also includes freshly released from prison, probation and/or parole. A study in 2012 shows with one in four Americans in the United States today, have been arrested. (Solomon). That same study shows most Americans being arrested at the age of twenty three. This poses dilemmas as for employment breaks. Another disadvantage that comes to play is the initiative filling out the form of employment (The application).On that application for employment; reads a box that states criminal history, arrests previous to applying, also asks you to report any form convictions and the natures of the crimes. That little box tends to be not only discouraging to an applicant trying to better ones selves, but it also prevents reestablishing, and rehabilitating. From whatever it is they un dergo. From whatever might lead up to that background. Whether it is drugs addictions or reasons they performed those crimes, such as a way of survival.Thank fully enough that’s where Ban the Box Act comes into play. This is an act, which removes those horrible anxieties and pressures when applying for employment opportunities. Ban the box should be a federal law because it enables people to find recovery in the job market and not return to crime, and it also puts income back into America that could be used for more imperative issues to this country; also disables employers from discriminating against the job seeker; by seeing that box checked on a form of application for employment.Originally originated in California; Ban the box yet is involved in over 43 cities in America as of 2012 reports NELP (National Employment Law Project)(see NELP). Minnesota was the first state to apply this bill. It also narrows employers’ liability for criminal records (NELP). Incentives a re now being offered, and insurances to prevent as much liability for employers taking the risk of employing offenders, such as a tax break/credit.Delaware for example is trying to allow a grace period of time hired, and if performance is not acceptable then they may use the criminal history as a termination of employment. Although recently denied by congress in July 2012(BJS. Gov), it should be a federal law nationwide. With prison and or jails being the most highly funded besides Medicare in the country (Katel), it’d definitely lead to less recidivism to institutions which would put the funds to more imperative things; such as children’s education amongst many more federally applicable prospects.With incarceration rates in the United States higher than any other country in the world, and it’s one of those most funded as well (Katel). Besides Medicare the prison system alone in 2008 showed that it sucks up the most state funded money. An astonishing state cover age of $22,000 yearly (Katel). With the United States almost exceeding count of 22 million of Americans’ institutionalized in some kind of jail and/or prison system. As of 2011, (Solomon) each year over 12 million people are admitted to local jails, and more than 700,000 are admitted to state and federal facilities.The United States has less than 5% of the world’s population but almost a quarter of its population is prisoners! (Solomon) About three fourths of a million of those prisoners or inmates will be released from the institution that they are in. Within a three year period, almost more than half of them will return to jail or prison due to committing either new or relevant crimes (Kamel) for ways of survival or violating the community corrections program they were obligated to.These include not just parole, also probation or drug court. The easiest way of violating one of the community programs above is employment. It is not just a suggestion; it’s a requ irement to remain to one’s freedom. Which is uncovered challenging, and in this day and time nearly unrealistic! Not only due to today’s economy; also due to that bad choice(s) or a criminal history can make finding employment difficult. NIJ (National Institute of Justice) found that a criminal record reduces the likelihood of a job or offer by over 50%! Solomon) With another study showing that 92% of employers use some sort of background check. With any kind of simple arrest or criminal history (even if it didn’t lead to a conviction. ) that shows quite a problem. So being on a community corrections program and the conditions of the job employment is very discouraging to more than half of those sentenced to these programs. Recidivism is bound to occur for most unfortunately.

Making the Most of the Doha Opportunity Assignment

Making the Most of the Doha Opportunity - Assignment Example The purpose of this term paper is to distinguish out the Indian Economy, while studying the special aspects, along with the trade and ventures between Canada and India. The second part of the paper as discussed above is about the prospects of the Indian market for the promotion of tumble dryers and in this context, the civilizing and community needs of the society and their impacts are researched. Further, a marketing strategy after analyzing the needs and barriers that are imposed by the Indian market are studied, a marketing plan is suggested to promote the product. Indo-Canadian trade - History and Recent initiatives During the modern period, India has turned out to be one of the most influential economies around the globe and is set to become an emerging power for centuries to come. The political arena contained by the Indian subcontinent has become stable to a big amount thus serving the country to footstep towards a contemporary culture, with the Indian market escalating at an incredible rate. Ever since India has emerged as a developing nation, it has taken help from a number of countries to expand its market which also incorporated Canada to an immense level. In spite of a number of strategic differences between the two countries, India has been offered continuous financial aid by Canada. During the late seventies, both the countries had strained relationships, however with the start of the early nineties, as India was set to become an influential player in the world economy, the situation got eased up. The growing trend of the Indian market was soon realized by Canada and the two countries stepped forward to bring about some major reforms in their market strategies with each other. Canada became mindful of the call for expanding its roots within Asia and recognized that India was the most favorable place which could offer vast markets for Canadian products. With the start of the later nineties, Canada initiated the progress to recuperate the two-sided associations amid the two nations. Since then there have been a number of reciprocated visits at the political level since thus moving forward the trade growth.

O what extent is clozapine effective in the treatment and management Dissertation

O what extent is clozapine effective in the treatment and management of resistant schizophrenia - Dissertation Example Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 10 studies were included in the actual synthesis of data. Result: With regards to treating patients with either treatment-resistant schizophrenia or those who are partially responsive to clozapine monotherapy, only 7 out of 10 studies that were officially included in this review of literature focused on examining the effectiveness of clozapine therapy when combined with another antipsychotic drugs (i.e. amisulpride, aripiprazole, risperidone, and quetiapine). The other 3 remaining studies are all equally useful in the completion of the literature review particularly with regards to the basic information on clozapine, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, and the drug potency of clozapine versus other types of antipsychotic drugs such as amisulpride, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone. Conclusion: Combining the usual dose of clozapine with another antipsychotic drug such as aripiprazole, amisulpride, or quetiapine are a ll equally effective in terms of treating patients with either treatment-resistant schizophrenia or those patients with partial response to certain antipsychotic drug. Unlike the process of combining the use of clozapine therapy with aripiprazole, amisulpride, or quetiapine, combining the use of clozapine therapy with risperidone remains uncertain. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my parents for extending their emotional support to me throughout the completion of my dissertation paper. To my supervisor _____________ (insert name) who has guided me all the way throughout the progress of each chapter of my research study. Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. 4 Table of Contents ......................................................... ........................................................ 5 1.0 Introduction and Background ................................................................................... 7 1.1 Nature and Purpose of the Dissertation ..................................................... 8 1.2 Relevance of the Discussion to the Role and Responsibilities of Nurses and the Clients ............................................................................... 8 1.3 Relationship of the Subject to Current National and Healthcare / Social Care Policy, Priority, and Agendas ................................................ 8 1.4 Historical / Contemporary or Other Contextual Issues which Impacts the Subject ................................................................................... 9 1.5 Aims and Purpose of the Research Study .................

Voluntary Ratings And V-chip Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Voluntary Ratings And V-chip Technology - Essay Example Parents must assume responsibility for what their children are exposed to on the public airwaves, and the government has provided parents with some valuable tools. Nonetheless, it can be argued that these tools have not been properly publicized or explained to parents. The government cannot simply endorse these tools and then forget about the problem. It must expand publicity of these tools, it must create educational resources which are readily available to parents and the public, and it must maintain an oversight function to ensure that broadcasters continue to comply with certain minimum standards. Section 551 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was a directive from the U.S. Congress to the broadcasting industry. This directive called on broadcasters to establish voluntary ratings for programming. The system was designed to include ratings for programs with sexual themes, violence and other topics or themes which parents might deem inappropriate for their children. On September 25, 1997, the Federal Communications Commission reviewed a set of standards that were agreed on and proposed by broadcasters. These proposed standards included an advisory before the broadcast to be followed by a basic grading system. For example, a TV/ M rating would be for mature audiences only; a TV/14 rating would strongly caution parents to be aware of inappropriate themes; and, a TV/PG would suggest parental guidance. In addition to these voluntary rating standards, the government also endorsed the implementation of certain technological tools. These technological tools, based on the V-chip, would prevent inappropriate or objectionable material from being broadcast. The enforcement of the government’s V-chip† directive required increased advertising to consumers on the purposes and the use of the V-chip, and the expansion of V-chip technology to the radio.

Challenges of Information Technology Research Paper

Challenges of Information Technology - Research Paper Example Moreover, data management with enhanced high-tech security is an expensive undertaking. Network management in the organizational setting experiences both the positive and negative aspects of improved technology. Improved networks have made communication efficient and effective in and out of the organizational setting (Kuhn, 2008). Employees have been quick to exploit this realization, resulting in network management challenges. Use of smartphones and other devices on company networks have increased network usage costs, necessitated time to time maintenance, and threatened network security. To address these challenges, a company would need to have its employees subscribe to its network, or limit its network usage on personal smartphones and other devices. The company can also allow its employees to use their personal devices on its network, with a requirement to meet maintenance fees from time to time. Finally, where network security is threatened, administrative rights should be used to monitor and control company network usage by employees (Klein,

Commercial Photography Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commercial Photography Survey - Essay Example extremely well at commercial photography, it can be an extremely profitable market, and the profession of commercial photography is wide, with room for alternative and traditional photographs. Commercial photographs of individual products, or of product lines, can either center on the design of the good, for instance the neatness of a kettle, or the deepness of carpet threads. Also, it can focus on the use of the good like the utility on an iPhone or enjoying games on a PlayStation (Milich 34). A product-wise aspect of this photography shows the details, as well as the "feel good" of the product while advertising aspect of this photography is more likely to center on the attractions and status of the product. Some of the equipments needed are Camera Lenses, Lighting, Processing System, Tripod and Sundry Equipments, and a qualified photographer will be ready to move into commercial photography. Also, a recent trend that has been rising in the field of commercial photography is the rise of digital over film. The biggest trend in the past five years, with no doubt, has been the change from film to digital (Milich 34). Today, it is expected that each and every photographer who is projecting a commercial plan will have a complete understanding or comprehension of how flawlessly to produce or deliver a photo digitally. This technological revolution is also growing at a fast pace. It is evolving plus becoming even much cheaper and accessible to the general public. However, the technology also sadly downgraded the awareness of the skill of the photo taker, making it much harder to differentiate the specialised photographer from the â€Å"prosumer† (Milich 34). For a day of a commercial photo shoot, a photographer will charge US$ 100 per hour for a creative session. This is because the client will be paying for the talent and creativity of the photographer (Milich 35). However, if the client wants to dictate all the techniques, then the price will be pulled down to US$

Abortion & Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abortion & Divorce - Essay Example Hence if an abortion is performed at any stage between conception and birth, it is nothing but murder, and those guilty of such murder include the mother, the operating doctor, and the lawmakers of the country who do not enact laws to prohibit it. Secondly, several medical problems {like infertility, miscarriage and premature births} can surface due to abortions that will scar the future of women greatly. The medical problems aspect takes on terrifying dimensions when the possibility of developing breast cancer {recent medical research firmly links abortion to breast cancer} is added. Thirdly, there is no world religion that condones abortion and this is reflected in all religious books {including the Bible whose Tenth Commandment states: â€Å"Thou shall not kill†}. Apart from the above 3 arguments, the two main pro-abortion stances have no solid foundation, namely, that it is a symbol of feminine liberty {a favorite feminist argument}, and that it saves women from the high cost and danger of travelling to other countries to undergo secret operations. Today, with the massive advancement of science and technology, a large number of birth control methods are available to women to choose from like abstinence during certain days of the month, sterilization, male and female condoms, diaphragms perhaps the most commonly used oral contraceptive – The Pill, which in its latest version can even be effectively taken 72 hours after sexual intercourse. In conclusion, abortion, when viewed through the prisms of the most highly prized concepts of mankind {morality and religion}, besides having several other drawbacks as discussed above, cannot be pronounced as ‘good.’ The fact that many abortion cases in the U.S involve young, unmarried women clearly shows that legalized abortion is wrongly being used by the younger generation to indulge in promiscuous sex. The esteemed lawmakers of our nation should stop the rot by prohibiting abortion. Divorce refers to

Orem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Orem - Essay Example He also reports a consistent cold on his feet and a sore on his foot that has refused to heel, factors that forces him to wear protective socks. He further reports occasional passing out but maintains that he is fine. Mr. Fred’s significant problem that calls for healthcare attention is the ‘non healing sore on his foot.’ This is because even though the patient acknowledges presence of the sores, and the fact that the sores do not indicate a possibility of healing, Fred is still not willing to seek medication. The wound is not healing because of the patient’s high blood sugar level that facilitates growth of bacteria and it is enhanced by poor circulation. The most applicable theory to the case is the ‘Orem Self Care Deficit,’ theory that integrates â€Å"theory of self care, self care deficit theory, and theory of nursing systems† and seeks to empower patients to meet their healthcare needs with little or no assistance from healthcare personnel (Zaccagnini and White, p. 19; Kumar, p. 104- 106). The Orem theory is applicable to the case that identifies Mr. Fred’s ‘self-care’ deficiency, a factors that prolongs the wound (Nlm, p. 1). I would apply the theory by bridging the care gap to identify practices that would enhance the wound’s healing. I would use my skills as an educator to convince Fred of the need for medication and specialists advice on how to manage the wound. These would facilitate ‘self-efficiency’ and ‘self-reliance’ in his care initiatives (Nlm, p. 1). Application of the theory to the case is supported by existing literature that identifies its ability to promote ‘self-care’ among patients. Easom’s exploration of efficiency and its associated barriers among adult’s ‘self-care’ efforts for example identifies the need to break the barriers and promote self reliance as provided for by the theory, an approach that Fred really needs. The author’s review of research findings

Facebook IPO Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facebook IPO - Article Example This will make Facebook the world’s leading social network by capitalization considering that its value will stand at $104 billion at the share offering. The social network is on course to raise $16 billion through its initial public offer. The company will certainly rank among major share offering in the United States taking into consideration that Facebook stands third behind Visa and General Motors. The IPO has undoubtedly portrayed a profound revolution and growth of the company, which was formed eight years ago in Harvard as a dormitory project. The social network will be issuing 420 million common stock shares of which Facebook will sell 180 million of its share while an additional of 241 million shares will come from previous shareholders. After the initial public offer Facebook will be ranked among the most valuable US technology corporations, where key players such as Amazon, Google, Cisco and Apple owns the majority stake in the industry. Background Facebook is the w idely known and used social network. Facebook first entry was in 2004 and had accumulated over one million users within one year. Statistics shows that the number was around 100 million users in December 2008 and 200 million in June 2009, which is doubling of the figure in six months period. Currently, this social network is globally recognized and available in 4 languages (English, French, Spanish and German) and sources say it is spreading its wings to include 22 more languages (Weir, 2008). Facebook is preferred for its user-friendly applications, such as Facebook Online Chat, launched in 2008 and this feature is a popular real time messaging market applications. Facebook is a global with hundreds of millions people using it to inter-connect and check in on friends/relatives, upload photos, share videos and links, meet new friends and have updates of how their friends are fairing (Facebook, 2010). Market Competition According to Nick Wingfield, author of the article, Apple vs Fac ebook, these two companies are not big rivals or competitors. According to the author the companies’ relations is comparative to the relationship between United States and China. These companies have immense powers in their own right. They are neither friends, nor hostile to each other. The apparent reason why Apple and Facebook are not rivals is because Facebook don’t develop operating system, computers, mobiles and tablets. Implications for Competition (Rivalry among the Companies) Apple’s social network, Ping, is not such popular apart from its users who have musical preferences on iTunes. It is obvious that its creation was not meant to challenge Facebook. Apple’s late CEO, Steven P. Jobs, professed that he admired the Facebook CEO and co-founder Mr. Mark Zuckerberg. He hailed praises to Mr. Zuckerberg for his role of trying to build a lasting Silicon Valley company and not selling it. Recently, tension has been realized between the two companies. Aft er Ping introduction to the market two years ago, the two companies could not agree on how to integrate Facebook with the Ping services. This would have enabled users to use Ping to interact with their Facebook friends. Mr. Jobs told one of the reporters that Apple could not work with Facebook on the Ping issue as Facebook was demanding difficult terms they could not agree on. Strategic Alliances Facebook launched alliances in the summer of 2008, with Netflix and Apple to promote Facebook Connect. With regards to Apple, the platform allowed Apple to use Facebook Connect to promote its products. Netflix members were able to link their Facebook and netflix accounts through the Facebook Connect. This helped to expand communication by making it possible for Netflix users to

Personal Fitness Notes Essay Example for Free

Personal Fitness Notes Essay †¢Why did you initially choose this diet? I chose this diet because it was recommended by a close friend of mines, who was also having trouble with his weight. I told me that the meals provided in the diet were really delicious and he was seeing an improvement. So I decided to give it a try. †¢What is the basic premise of this diet/eating plan? The premise of the diet was to help me lose weight with entrees and snacks that contained not so much calories. †¢What were two positive aspects of the diet? The positive aspects of the diet were that the food, which was sold as frozen entrees in supermarkets, was in fact amazing. †¢Were there any downsides to the diet plan? Explain. †¢Did you have success on this diet? I saw moderate success. It didn’t help me lose as much weight as I desired (I wanted to lose 50 pounds or more) but at least I shedded off a couple of pounds. †¢Are you still on the diet plan? I am not on the diet pan as of now. †¢Have you maintained your weight loss? Yes I have. I used to weigh 190 pounds and I’m at 173. †¢Do you feel the diet is safe? Why or why not? The diet is pretty safe because the caloric intake values are pretty decent and the meals are cost efficient. †¢Did you exercise while on the diet? I exercised here and there. I would go running a few times as well as bicycling. †¢Would you follow this diet plan again? Maybe, in the near future. Tell us what you think about the diet used by your interviewee. Explain your thoughts in a reflection paragraph. Compare the diet plan used by the interviewee with the Long Haul Approach that was explained earlier in the course. Which plan would you determine to be better? Please explain your choice. I think the diet was okay because she was able to purchase the meals for a low price instead of those other expensive diets. The Long Haul Approach would be a better diet since she didn’t exercise daily while on it. I believe that’s the reason why she didn’t lose as much weight she wanted to in the first place. The Long Haul Approach would’ve been a much more effective diet for her.

Functionalist Views Essay Example for Free

Functionalist Views Essay Functionalism is a predominant perspective.The functionalists see education as a miniature society, where the individual develops a sense of commitment to the social group; it is a place to learn rules where the individual learns to conform to societies cultural norms and values. The functionalist perspectives of Emile Durkheim are, he believed that the major function of education was the transmission of societies norms and values. This would allow an advanced division of labour, which contributes to the economy. He believed in the process known as socialisation, where cultural norms condition an individual, allowing entry to modern society. The economy greatly relies on educational conditioning, and it is essential that educational achievement is well balanced in the meritoractic society, for role allocation to occur. The individual must be suitably-fitted for his or her post. From a functionalist perspective schools sieve individuals in accordance to their ability for example by tiered examinations. This process in which educational failure is seen positively, aids role allocation. Parsons backed Durkheim s theory. He believed that education fulfils the function of secondary socialisation, thus allowing role allocation to occur. He firmly believed that role allocation was necessary for the functioning of society and the economy. His perspectives encouraged meritocracy, where the individual is rewarded on the basis of merit or ability and not thier background. There are various conflict theories, which give different views regarding the role of education. For example the Marxist perspectives of education argue that the education system imposes values of a higher class origin. In addition, achievement is based merely on social background and therefore makes failure inevitable. They belive that the education system serves capitalism and say that functionalists only look at the positives of the education system. Bowles and Gintis believed that the hidden curriculum benefits only the employer in a capitalist society, whereas a functionalist perspective would argue that without socialisation in educa tion, the individual would not recognise the norms and values of modern society. They believed that there is a strong relationship between capitalism and the educational system. The correspondence theory of Bowles and Gintis illustrates school as entry into a world of exploitive work, where the individual learns to believe in meritocracy. In contrast to a functionalist perspective, Giroux believed that the educational system is a site of ideological struggle, where the enforcement of class differences by aiding the middle class and neglecting the working class from achieving are obvious. Marxists believed that functionalism was to blame for the failure of the educational system, and because individuals are made to conform, they mostly oppose values emposed by schools. The enforcement therefore encourages a counter school culture. A functionalist would argue that bad behaviour, is exactly why individuals need to reform to the cultural norms of a modern day society if they are to succeed at all. Marxist and Functionalist perspectives of the role of education in modern Britain are evidently very different. Functionalism seems to be the main consensus perspective. Analysis of Functionalist views conveys the positive contribution made by education to the social system. Whereas the Marxist theories argue that the education system imposes dominant values of the middle class and neglects the working class. Marxists perspectives also believe that a disproportional amount of lower class individuals will continue to higher education as a result of ideological factors such as class and race. Marxists believed that the myth of meritocracy made the individual feel responsible for his or her own failure in education as opposed to the functionalist factors such as role allocation and the hidden curriculum which are clearly to blame for the inevitable failure of the individual. A Marxists perspective is probably more relevant to my own experience. I have experienced pressure from peer groups from higher social backgrounds of my own, and feel that without dress sense and money we are all able to achieve to similar standards, despite allowances sometimes made for richer more fortunate individuals.

Organizational strategy of Samsung

Organizational strategy of Samsung In the current volatile business industry marketing plays a vital and significant role and it is a process or method to create, deliver, exchange and communicate with customers and clients. It is the mechanism that identifies the requirements, needs, expectations of a particular customer base and creates methods and offerings to satisfy that customer base. In the current situation the complete business is customer-centric and the marketing revolves around satisfying the customer at every possible opportunity. Whatever the company offer should be based on the needs of the customer, it may be a product or can be a service or it can be both. When an organization offers both service and product, it can be termed as solution that plays vital role in strategic marketing. Samsung electronics is one of the biggest players in the electronics industry world that was established in 1969 had spread its wings over 50 countries worldwide and has workforce of more than 66000 and ranks at 131st on the list of Global Fortune 500. This paper aims to evaluate the marketing strategy of Samsung Electronics in the global television industry using the available theories and concepts. Company Background Samsung one of the greatest brands available in the market aims to secure the world leadership in the industry and earn devastating competitive strength by synchronizing the development and manufacturing of product, design, marketing and sales. The organization is well known for its great accomplishment in the industry of semiconductors based on memory. Samsung maintains its high position in the industry continuously from 1992 maintaining its top rank and stretch its financial structure throughout the industry to maintain itself as a number one company in the industry of mobile phones, semiconductors, monitors, computer gadgets, televisions, TFT and LCD screens. It also achieved 4th place in the semiconductor industry and sixth place in the mobile gadget industry by selling huge volumes. Importance and the use of information in their marketing strategy It is the era of information age and the information plays a vital and unavoidable role in any field exceptionally in the marketing industry. There is a great need for the managers to incorporate loads of data, convert it into information, construct decisions on the information and then compose decisions to lead them to achieve greater success in the business For any business, information is also considered as significant resource required same like money, machinery and manpower. Information is must and crucial for the survival of the organization in the varying business industry. Previously before the computer age, it was difficult for the companies to gather, store, maintain, organise and distribute huge volumes of information and data. The growth of computer and information technology helped the managers and organizations to effectively handle the information available. Managers are able to get the current information at required time in an accurate manner. And another great advantage is that the information can be accessed by many people at the same time accurately, completely that is organized and storable. The information system is the method that makes sure the information is presented to the managers in the form they expect it and when they expect it helping them to support their effort by giving appropriate information for their decision-making. Computers or Information Technology can evidently help companies in processing information and data in a accurate and well presented manner that is timely, relevantly and completely. All kind business organizations now a days have some kind information maintenance system either it may for accounting or stock control or market monitoring. The supremacy technology changed the function of information in the business. The complete business world acknowledged the information aslifeblood. Papows (1998) accredited that the modern organization is dead without Information. Samsung as a strong business leader accepted the fact and had given priority to the process of information throughout the organization at every stage. To gain from its Managing information System and Information Technology, Samsung addressed information needs not only in its environment but also in their relationships with customers, suppliers, trade partners, Production systems, work processes, skills and labour requirement. These advancements of Samsung have created huge and complex processes and information systems, thereby creating a requirement to align them to have a universal overview of the complete information system setting it as a strategic tool. According to American Marketing Association (AMA), 2007 marketing can be defined as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. Marketing people of various organizations endeavour to get the perfect goods or services to the correct people at the perfect place at the accurate time at the right price, utilizing the proper promotion techniques. This explains how marketing managers organize the several factors that eventually decide marketing success. For this, organizations must have timely decision-making information. The significance of efficient marketing changes heavily in respect to the market in which a firm operates. It also depends on the important competences existing within the company. These competences will offer the current market information based on which decisions can be taken quickly. Corporate strategy depends deeply on the scrutiny of such information. Samsung aims to achieve the world leadership and accomplish great competitive strength. It is targeting to coordinate design and development of product, manufacturing, sales and marketing with effective information management. Samsungs marketing strategy related to their overall organisational strategy Slogan of Samsung Company says that Everyones invited explains its vast marketing strategy, with a huge range of products. As per the market researches, the main strengths of Samsung are identified as Strong global business network Huge credibility of Brand Name Innovative changes and inspiring new styles The awards it is continuously receiving Samsung has strong global present with its service and sales caters locating in 4 different countries. Samsung can utilize its strengths available as major threats to other organizations. Samsung can effortlessly improve its image the by the promotional Adds and quality products. Viewing ahead, Samsungs vision is to turn out to be a leading company of the digital convergence revolution. The next generation will be a time where the Internet, wireless communications, networked systems and contents will be united. Various forms of convergence technology that link conventional stand-alone appliances through networks will be developed. Samsung Electronics vision for the new decade is, Inspire the World, Create the Future. This new vision statement mirrors Samsung Electronics dedication to stimulating its communities by accelerating its three key strengths: New Technology, Innovative Products, and Creative Solutions. And to advance new value for Samsungs core networks such as Industry Partners and Employees. Through these efforts, Samsung hopes to contribute to a better world and a richer experience for all. (www.samsung.com, 2010) SAMSUNG Vision Statement Source: http://www.samsung.com/uk/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/visionmission.html [accessed on 20/07/2010] The main aim of the strategy of any business organization is growth (Chandler, 1962; Penrose, 1959). Even for Samsung, this growth is the main competence. The diagram above explains its motto of creating future in its industry and wants to be a leader. So Samsungs vision is clear. Samsungs strategic methods can be classified in to organic growth and alliances based on strategic. Organic growth According to moneyterms.co.uk (2010) Organic growth is the growth that is achieved by the companys existing business by increasing output and enhance sales (Investopedia, 2009 Moneyterms, 2010). Organic growth lets a firm to extend market position over the long term and helps to accomplish growth much cheaper than merger and acquisitions and is well suitable growing organizations (Coyle, 2000). This suits well with Samsung present strategic position as it is one of the market leader and has all the measures to extend into other markets. Moreover, though Samsung has huge cash reserves, organic growth permits cash reserves to be focused on other important factors such as Research and Development. At last, the external environmental analysis shows growth in the television market and the complete industry. But only the organic growth is not sufficient for an organization. Even though it is stable that is not enough when entering in to a new market in a new country. When entering in to a new country a strong understanding of local market is necessary that can be achieved only through local strategic alliances. Strategic Alliances A COPAC Commissioned Study defines (2000) Strategic Alliance as a formal and mutually agreed partnership arrangement that links specific facets of two or more enterprises or organizations. It is a mutual arrangement and understanding that allows partners to accomplish goals mutually that they could not accomplish alone. Strategic alliances are normally seen as methods for generating strong and efficient mode for competing in a globalized business. Bleeke and Ernst (1992) explain this as a formal relationship between two or more parties to pursue a set of agreed upon goals while remaining independent organisations. From 2001, Samsung has undergone with 29 various alliances (Samsung.com, 2010). They also accredit that the alliances are the best possible ways to enter in to the new market. With the new alliances Samsung may not learn anything new as they are very strong in technology and innovation. Further Analysis of Current Strategies Porter (1980) argue there are three fundamental strategic options available for companies that are looking for achievement of competitive advantage; they are Cost Leadership, Differentiation and Focus. This is explained in Porters Generic Strategies (Porter, 1985) Samsung comes under the category of Cost Leadership strategy as it augments profits by dropping costs, while charging low prices in the industry. Cost Leadership can be considered as one of the core competencies of Samsung. Apart from the cost leadership, Differentiation strategy also appropriate to Samsung as the company in continuously involved in inventing the technologies. So, Samsungs strategy is a combination of both cost leadership and differentiation strategy. Bowmans Strategic Clock (1997) is the other method used regularly to evaluate strategic options. It sees at professed additional value by the customer in opposition to price. Based on this Samsungs strategy can be explained to be mostly Hybrid. This refers to a strategy which is low cost to the consumer but still differentiated. Samsungs new 3D and Interactive TV Samsung, an industry leader for flat-screen TVs, will begin promoting its 3DTVs on 21 March in the US, before rolling out the activity globally in April. Mintzberg et al (2005) stated the Competitive advantage of an organization is usually recognized as the managements capability to set the companys assets adjacent to some external context. This can be termed as (Porter, 2004) external environment for a specific company. This external environment sets the means of survival for any company (Johnson et al, 2008:54). So, it is vital for the companies to understand this environment. This paper will look at the macro environment of Samsung using PESTEL analysis, then the Industrial environment where it operates, and finally at Competitors mainly utilizing Porters five forces model (Porter, 2004:6). It is also important to analyse the external environment of the firm to understand the opportunities and threats to achieve a strategic competitiveness. This consists of a general environmental, market, five forces analysis and competitors analysis. SWOT analysis is a prospective forecasting technique that helps to evaluate the match between opportunities and capabilities of the firm in the competitive environment. External environment The macro and industry environments will now be looked at to assess the strategic position of Samsung. Social Factors Current generation of people have strong passion and obsession for new innovative technology. Electronics industry plays a vital role in fulfilling this obsession. Children watching late night programs and getting addition to TV programs that reduces their interest towards games and studies is an important social factor. Technological Factors The electronics industry has been considered as one of the largely growing (Sixto, 2003) with low product life cycles (Mathews, 2005) that have show the way to global revenues. A 3D TV set is a special viewing TV device that utilizes 3D techniques of appearance that projects a TV program into a realistic three-dimensional field. The technology is brand new to TV industry that further reduces people going to Cinemas. Samsung is leading the industry with another milestone of new innovative Technology. Political Factors Political factors have an enormous control on the regulation of businesses that comprises of regulations forced by the government under which businesses should operate. As per the research the political environment in United Kingdom is said to pretty stable. Polices structured by the new conservative government like taxation, Cutting the Public spending and decision to raise petrol prices will have tough impact on the buying power of individuals. Additionally, the industrial policies of Korea also plays very important role for assisting international competitiveness to transfer technology in swap for market access (Kim, 1997). Economic Factors The economic factors plays very critical and significant role in marketing the 3D TV. The recession or down turn of economy reduced the spending power of individual. U.K economy is endangered by the financial downturn. As the unemployment rate increases customers passion for new technology may be sidelined. Sales has been continuously depreciating and the exchange rate is all time low that will increase the importing prices. Environmental Factors Consumers are having more awareness towards environmental and expecting increased energy efficiency, minor or no emission of dangerous radiation (Tarr, 2009; EE Times-Asia, 2009). Legal Factors Intellectual property is becoming a critical and important in the industry. There are huge chances conflicts can happen like the resent famous Apples conflict with Googles Nexus One regarding a patent issue. Samsung itself won a dispute recently in opposition to sharp regarding a patents issue that was initiated in the year 2007(Wall Street Journal, 2009). Legislations about local employee rights, Taxation and Intellectual Property will advance influence on Samsungs strategic decisions. Swot analysis STRENGTHS Strong international experience. Strong global business network Huge credibility of Brand Name Innovative changes and inspiring new styles The awards it is continuously receiving OPPORTUNITIES New technology 2012 Olympics offers an plenty of opportunity to get more sales Offering more models with stylish and individuality. The consumer will have the real entertainment for the money. WEAKNESSES Perception of High Prices Customers disinterest Buyer sophistication and knowledge Substitute products or technologies Very less availability of 3D viewing content THREATS New existing competition Price volatility Economic recession or financial downturn Extremely huge competition for customers and resources 6 Five Forces Analysis This analysis discusses five competitive forces related to the new product of Samsung Industry Competitors: Sony, Panasonic and LG. All are bigger players in the industry The competition is very High Buyers Individuals and families with high passion for technology And reasons for buying is Young passion mind, affluent professionals, status maintainers *Threat of New Entrants *Threat not significant as already many established players in the market and required a significant initial network, resources and investment Suppliers Bargaining power is low Substitutes Wide verity of TV models including Plasma, LCDs and digital TVs. Electronics Gadgets like smart phones, gamers and computers are also affect the new 3D Force Strength Trend Comments Entry Low Changing New entries are less. Suppliers Low Changing Suppliers cant negotiate prices Buyers Medium Increasing Overall consumers have medium bargaining power but generally it should be a win-win situation. Substitutes High Not Changing There are huge substitutes available at the present time. Like smart phones, Plasma, LCDs and gamers Rivalry High Increasing The competition is very high with SONY, Panasonic and LG are planning to launch the 3D TVs Lower Threat of New Entrants Threat from new companies entering in to the business is low as huge requirement of capital and Samsung have huge research and marketing process along with the proven productive process. It also has the strong brand name and best product differentiation. Overall the threat is minor. Low Bargaining Power of Suppliers Many competitive suppliers are available in the industry. The suppliers of Samsung have low switching cost and product differentiation (Lee, 2006). Overall the bargaining power of suppliers is low. The price increasing of raw materials can be easily passed on to the consumers. So the overall bargaining power of suppliers is low. Medium Bargaining power of Customers Bargaining power of customers is medium as very little range of products available in the 3D TV marketing industry. High Threat of Substitute Products There are huge number of substitutes are available for this product like Plasma TVs, LCD TVs, Mobile gadgets like smart phones, gamers, computers and laptops. Competitive Rivalry within the Industry High Overall, rivalry is high with many diverse competitors. LG, the worlds No. 2 Television brand by revenue, has put a destructive sales target for 3D TVs, planning to construct a leadership position in an emerging market where rivalry is expected to heat up. In 2010, LG targeted to sell 400,000 3D Televisions and in the next year it aims more than 3.4 million, the South Korean company announced in a news conference on 15th Tuesday December, 2009(canada.com, 2010). Electronics giant Sony is also planning to launch and leverage its power in 3D TVs business. Sony said in a press conference that it is expecting 3D TVs to account for up to 50 per cent of its total TV sales by March 2013 (canada.com, 2010). Panasonic also launched its plans to roll out 3D TVs in 2010 (canada.com, 2010). Source: http://www.canada.com/competition+heating+2010/2342815/story.html Segmentation The new generation 3D TV is initially targeted at the high class and technology lovers. The initial price of the 3D TV is very high. The Marketing Mix Marketing mix is an essential notion in current marketing and rationally it is referred to as the set of convenient tools that the organization combines to create the response it wants in the target market, so it consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its product (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). Marketing is about projecting the correct product at the correct price in the accurate way to the accurate customers. This is how value is added. Getting a product in to the market involves balancing numerous significant ingredients, i.e. the 4Ps of the Marketing Mix: Product, Price, Promotion and Place. Product The Next generation 3D TV is new innovative product. In simpler terms, the product includes all features of innovation to provide true entertainment to its customers. The 3D televisions were voiced as the biggest innovation in the television history with combination of highest performance and stylish design. With the Samsung 3D TV the customer will have the prospect of enjoying TV programs in 3D sitting at home and viewing TV will never be the same as the audience will be able to enjoy and experience the feel of their favourite stars of sports, film and TV leap off their TV in to the living room right before them. Samsung is proposes a series of 3D-capable TVs, including the LED 7000/8000/9000 Series, LCD 750 Series and the Plasma 7000/8000 Series (www.samsung.com, 2010) Price Pricing is principally fixing a specific price for a product or service offered. In simple words, Kotler and Armstrong (2004) explain the perception of price to obtain the product. Fixing a price is not something simple. Normally in general law people argue that a small price will draw additional customers. The argument is not true. Because customers not only look for price alone. The customers expect a proper service and value for the money that he pays. They act in response to value so a lesser price does not essentially signify stretched sales if the product is not fulfilling the expectation of the customers (Lazer, 1971). The price for the 3D brands starts from  £1600 to  £2000. The price is not so competent. Placement Samsung unveiled its prestigious 3D TV brands globally in the major countries like US, UK, Australia and china. The product is launched in all the major stores like John Lewis, Currys etc. Promotion The promotion takes the form of a new Starter Kit that offers U.S. consumers the chance to enjoy 3D movies in their own living rooms, rather than having to head to nearest cinema to check out the eye-popping action. Samsung utilized the FIFA Football World Cup to publicize several value-added bundles along with its new 3D TV ranges. Fresh buyers were offered bundled 3D movies, home theatre systems and Blu-ray players. People who procure certain Samsung 3D TV models from dealers all over the country will have the chance to seize the Bonus 3D bundle. This includes Samsung 3D Blu-ray player and two sets of rechargeable 3D glasses. Apart from this Bonus 3D bundle, customers are also entitled to obtain a Bonus 3D TV starter kit that includes 3D Blu-ray Disc of DreamWorks Animation SKGs hit movie, Monsters vs. Aliens, and An additional two sets of battery powered 3D glasses. Source: http://3dtvsets.co.uk/samsung-electronics-starts-3d-tv-war/ (accessed on 25/07/10) Apart from these bundled promotional offers, Samsung has launched a strong advertisement campaign for its range of 3D TVs. The TV advertisement campaign is worth of  £8 Million that runs over 3 months. Apart from the TV advertisement, it has also launched  £7 million print media advertisements (www.marketingweek.co.uk, 2010) Target Market Samsung should aim both the high-end market segment as well as low-end market segment because in both areas there are opportunities. The international brands like Sony, Panasonic, LG, Philips and Sharp have more than 75 percentage share of the high-end market segment globally. Samsung being an international brand, it can easily step in both the high-end and low-end marketing segment because of its overall knowledge and ability to invest in the market. Market research firm Generator Research(2010) forecasts a major update of the novel 3D TV technology globally, showing that by the year of 2014 the business share for 3D sets is predicted to reach over 39% and the market will value more than $117billion (Samsung.com, 2010). In reference to another market research organization, DisplaySearch (2010), the 3D TV market is predicted to increase from the year 2008s value of $ 902 million to $ 22 billion in 2018. particularly, the 3D TV business is predicted to grow to $ 17-billion, and the number of units expected to sale will increase to 64 million in the year of 2018 from 200,000 units in 2009 (Samsung.com, 2010). Globally, in the year of 2010, it is expected that there will be approximately 4.2 million 3D TVs will be sold as all the major players like Samsung, SONY, Panasonic, LG and sharp are entering in the business. The value is expected to triple to 12.9 million in the next year itself according to a new market research. Above said figures looks like huge but the fact is that the above stated figures are just a fraction of the original LCD TV sale. On the other hand, it is expected that by 2012, 27.4 million 3DTelevisions will be sold globally and by the year of 2015 the value is expected to 78.1 million units. This shows an enormous composite annual growth of 80.2% between 2010 and 2015. The figures show that the 3D Televisions here for growth and may replace all the existing TVs in near future. Samsung, however, is ready to lead in this Age as it will use its strengths in semiconductor, telecommunications and consumer electronics technology to develop innovative multi-capable products and create powerful networks that will empower the user for anytime, anywhere communications and a higher quality of life. http://www.marketingpower.com/AboutAMA/Documents/American%20Marketing%20Association%20Releases%20New%20Definition%20for%20Marketing.pdf

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne Essay examples -- The Boy

A world in which old men can be degraded and abused, a world in which people wearing dirty, unwashed, striped uniforms are not seen as being oppressed, a world in which a starving boy of identical age yet vastly different physique is seen as simply being unfortunate - such a world cannot exist. Or can it? In the world of Bruno, this is precisely the way the world is. John Boyne's book "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas" invites the readers to embark on an imaginative journey at two levels. At the first level, Boyne himself embarks upon an imaginative journey that explores a possible scenario in relation to Auschwitz. Bruno is a 9 year old boy growing up in a loving, but typically authoritarian German family in the 1930?s. His father is a senior military officer who is appointed Commandant of Auschwitz ? a promotion that requires upheaval from their comfortable home in Berlin to an austere home in the Polish countryside. The story explores Bruno?s difficulty in accepting and adapting to this change - especially the loss of his friends and grandparents. Boyne gives personality and family to the sort of person who today is generally demonised by western writings - the people who administered and controlled the death camps in which over 6 million Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, and other deemed to be grossly inferior by Hitler and his cohorts. In so doing he encourages us to see a different world ? a world in which obedience is paramount and in which authority figures can never be questioned. He shows us the problem that surfaces when people who are trained to be obedient are confronted with orders that, if analysed and considered, can be clearly seen to be an affront to all human values and decency. People can happily obey ?The Fury? ... ... will inevitably become subsumed by the terrible process. Bruno's imaginative journey is a flight from reality. It is a classic example of the psychological "fight or flight" syndrome experienced by all animals (including humans) when they are confronted by something of which they are unsure or afraid - something which challenges their current reality. What Boyne does in this story is to use Bruno to show how either approach can be totally destructive: the critical lesson is that we must acknowledge reality and do what we can to remove the fences that would destroy not only ?us? but our entire world. All imaginative journeys lead to a revelation - both Bruno and the readers will come to realize that their imaginative journeys have transformed them and affected them in indescribable ways and we, the readers come to a realization as well about what is happening.

The Evil Mistriss Hibbins of The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Evil Mistriss Hibbins of The Scarlet Letter Evil can be defined as, "That which is the reverse of good, physically or morally; whatever is censurable painful, disastrous, or undesirable." In the novel "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mistriss Hibbins can also be defined in those terms. She is believed to be evil by many of the characters. Henry Louis Mencken once said, "It is a sin to believe evil of others, but is seldom a mistake." In this novel he was right, Mistriss Hibbins is evil. However, she is an important character who appears more often than most people realize and her evilness has a serious impact on most of the characters. Mistriss Hibbins represents evil in the novel. She was accused of being a witch. This is a very evil thing in the eyes of the Puritans. Mistriss Hibbins can also be said to be evil simply because she is always in the forest, which is an evil place. She is said to go on "night rides" and attend witch meetings there. "And Mistriss Hibbins, with some twigs of the forest clinging to her skirts, and looking sourer than ever, as having hardly got a wink of sleep after her night ride." The people in town are scared to even be near Mistriss Hibbins. At the last scaffold scene, "The crowd gave way before her, and seemed to fear the touch of her garment, as if it carried the plague among its gorgeous folds." Here, it says that the townspeople were so scared, that they thought her evil was contagious. Mistriss Hibbins also effects the way some of the characters think in the novel. In one part of the novel, Mistriss Hibbins tells Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne, that Dimmesdale, who is her father, is the "Prince of Air". "They say, child, though art of the lineage of the Prince of Air!" In this quote she was telling Pearl that Dimmesdale is the devil. Pearl gets influenced by her and believes her father is the devil. In one scaffold scene, Pearl yells out, "Mistriss Hibbins says my father is the Prince of Air. If though callest me that ill-name, I shall tell him of thee, and he will chase thy ship with a tempest.

Glass Menagerie :: essays research papers

The Glass Menagerie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Glass Menagerie, written in 1945 by Tennessee Williams, remains today as a great literary masterpiece. Williams gave unimaginable depth and uniqueness to each of his characters. Even though the play was written in the mid-forties it is timeless, in that the problems and troubles of the characters can be related to life today, more than 50 years later. The Glass Menagerie is a great play with a central theme of escape and many symbols to support this theme. In the following I will give a brief summary and discuss the theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Glass Menagerie begins with Tom introducing the play as a memory, his own memory of the past. At the start of the play the Wingfield family is eating dinner, after constant harassment on how to eat his food Tom leaves the table to go smoke a cigarette on the fire escape. Amanda tells Laura her story of the old days when she received seventeen gentlemen callers in one day. The next day Amanda finds out that Laura has dropped out of business school, and confronts her, Laura explains that she could not handle the class and has been out walking every day. Amanda sits down with Laura and asks if “she ever liked a boy';?, Laura points to a picture in her yearbook. Later that evening Amanda and Tom argue, she does not understand why Tom goes to the movies every night. Tom states that he hates working for the family as he has been doing and leaves for the movies. He returns late that night drunk and after losing his key Laura opens the door for him. Tom tells he r about the movie and of the magic show he had seen, giving her a scarf from the show.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next morning Amanda wakes Tom for work and asks him to bring home a gentlemen caller for Laura. Tom came home from work and announced that he had invited Jim O`connor to dinner the next day. When Jim comes for dinner Laura recognizes him as the one she pointed out in the yearbook. Laura becomes sick and must excuse herself from the dinner table. After dinner Amanda tells Jim to keep Laura company in the parlor, at first Laura is scared but loosens up after some conversation. Jim ends up kissing Laura and regretting it after he announces that he is engaged. Amanda becomes angry with Tom for not telling of the engagement, Tom insists he did not know.

“Death of a Salesman” by Arthur Miller Essay

Death of a Salesman â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller is a narration about American society, its expectations and attitudes that shape people’s lives. It is told through the lives of a salesman Willy, his family and several other people who, in some way, have an impact on them. Willy, who falls into his imaginary word of the past frequently during the day, is regretful for some of his actions in the past that ‘prevented’ him of becoming rich. Now, he wants his sons to succeed who are in their 30s and are of different characters. Although the genre of the play is realism, the author uses attributes of surrealism that help in developing the story. The protagonist of the play has an imaginary word that reminds him of his past; thus helping the audience to see the motives of his or his family’s current actions. The play starts when Willy has already gotten into a trouble because of dreaming while driving which suggests that the play is not about an ordinary person. For the reader, the shift from reality to dreams of Willy is sometimes warned by the long speech of his or by the reaction of the people around him. As for the audience, there are visual effects that the author recommends for the play in order to illustrate his story clearly. â€Å"†¦ in the scenes of the past these boundaries are broken, and the characters enter or leave a room stepping â€Å"through† a wall onto the forestage†. Moreover, the play is full of symbols and diverse characters. The ‘new† critic would notice the significance of the names. Some of the names of the characters reflect to their personalities; such as the name of the younger son of Willy whose name is Happy and he is careless and self-assured. Biff (which also means a hit, a clout), is the elder son who has a troubled relationship with his father. He goes against his father’s wish of getting a prestigious job in New York since he finds himself unfit for it. In contrary to his father, he finds his strength and self-esteem in the end of the play. However, the marxist critic would notice the positions and actions of the rich and poor. Uncle Ben who visits Willy’s imaginary world time to time is the brother of his. He became rich after he went to Alaska, and this continues to disturb Willy throughout the play and has a huge impact on his behavior because he had overlooked the chance. Also, Willy faced the bitter truth when he got fired from his job. Although, he had worked f or the company for thirty-four years, he received no sympathy when he asked to stay and work in the town he lived in and be paid a small amount of salary. Consequently, he was worried that his sons won’t think of him good and nobody will remember him. â€Å"†¦Because he thinks I am nothing, see, and so he spites me. But the funeral, Ben, that funeral will be massive! They’ll come from Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont†¦ -I am known, Ben, and he’ll see it with his eyes once and for all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The feminist critic would observe the behavior and the status of Linda who is the wife of Willy and how she was portrayed. She is caring and patient with Willy. All through the play, she takes the side of her husband and encourages him. She is also presented as humble and tolerable towards their financial and social status. The only thing she dreams of is paying off the house mortgage and the bills so they can enjoy a free life. Despite these ‘perfectâ₠¬â„¢ traits, Linda is passive in her actions and lacks of understanding some situations and her husband’s behavior. After the suicide of Willy, she says, â€Å"Why did you do it? I search and search †¦I can’t understand it. I made the last payment on the house today†¦We are free and clear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Possibly, Willy’s suicide is part of the consequence of her character. In this play, Arthur Miller introduces a society by developing a story about a salesman and involving several other people. Ironically, those people have some impact on Willy’s fate and his family. Biff loses his self-confidence and drive when he discovers his father with ‘the woman’. He fails math class which becomes the foundation of his future failures and career choices. There is also Willy’s neighbor and his son Bernard who is a friend to Biff and a foil to Willy. However, nothing is told about Bernard’s life until Willy loses his job and meets Bernard on his way to borrow some money from his father. The author lines the scenes and the actions in a way that support in showing the psychological and emotional effects on Willy and Biff. Willy wonders how Bernard became successful, but his son is still struggling and they were childhood friends. Here Bernard ‘reminds’ him of the math class which Biff failed and refused to continue after discovering his father with another woman. Although Uncle Ben is Willy’s brother who shows up in his imagination and gets into a conversation with him, his replies to Willy are more likely Willy’s own answers and opinions about himself. The fact that he could not become more than a traveling salesman and be known and respected is haunting Willy throughout his life. The author tries to show that Willy’s desires and attitude towards life had an effect on those around him and the other way around; the people around him had an impact on his actions and fate. Consequently, this is how a society behaves.

Footballers, Are They Getting Paid Too Much Essay

making love readers, with your current income, how me very age does it purport to catch 114,000? Does it take 10 or 25 or 50 disused age? If you answer 1 day, you moldiness be Cristiano Ronaldo because it is the amount of money he accepts DAILY. I bet e rattlingone already knows nigh how thumping is the football gameer income and moans how it un sightly is the spiritedness. You brinytain the rear, apology the m early(a)land, save people by risking yours, underdeveloped technology for better rising and so on, hardly your income is nowhere near the person whose business concern is running and kicking the ball. At eldest thought, you condemn and complain how the system of living sucks so much. exactly, lets shit it a second thought by assessing if they authentically worth the money.Lets take a vote, does the footballers really merit it? See, the majority reads not so I provide begin apprehensioning wherefore they really should get pay cut. immenseness in vi tality hazard the humankind with out football and football itself neer existed regular from the very premier(prenominal) place. Well no problem, there ar belt up a helping of fun in the ground. merely how if there argon no polices, firefighters, researchers, engineer, or doctor? Misery, misery, and misery. We tail assembly survive if there is no football game for a day, a year, or nevertheless forever. But, rough will not last change surface an hour if all the doctors in the piece commence a strike simultaneously. That explains how insignificant the profession of footballer relative to other jobs.Yes, money is not everything. at that place be a separate of people with distinguished heart who resolves not for money. But come on, you would inquire nigh judge when a soldier ,who protect your agricultural with his life, cant afford his 10,000 tikes cure while in equal(p) season Rooney sucks 100,000 for the goals he micturate -which does not affect human li fe at all-. The common sense is, the more than than important you atomic number 18, and the more preference you should require. The appreciation is not all about money, tho you wonder how m some(prenominal) times we say thank you to destination and small overlooked ser sin comparable the janitor. In contrary, we total Mara gaina as if he is a graven image although we dont know him and vice versa. We hail Pele for his 1,000 goals although without them the beingnessis fluent the same. Where is the logical system, world?Un swashmanshipSport inculcatees us about sportsmanship and fair play, that is what we used to hear back then. Today, the distinction is completely irrelevant because there is no single match without cheating. Diving, violent tackle, racial insult, indiscipline, those were some viruses which plague football right away and sadly they be solo a tip of icebergs. The worse is, they still get paid for all the nasty handle they did and shows the repellent mannequin for all the kids who hero-worship them. And the worst of all, they atomic number 18 paid employ your money. So indirectly, all the money you fagged for ticket, merchandise, and television will be the range for all nasty workings they exact done.OrBad AttitudeThe terrible conduct on the incline is bad, exclusively terrible conduct off the pitch is worse. A public figure should be the good example for people or so him, let alone their fans. Just calculate how galore(postnominal) cheating and sexual shit which involves footballer. We dont want our kids to surveil John Terrys entrust in cheating, do we? And should we see the lads goint involves in night life party care Adriano and Ronaldinho just because they are the idol? There are still many unexemplary deeds much(prenominal) as shoplifting, street brawl, or yet drug abuse. Once once more I must stress how gravid the influence of the idol could affect their help. The admirer could follow the footstep t o destruction without even knowing it. Such bad-manner players really do not be such enceinte sum of money.Thats all about why the footballers are not be for their monolithic money. Now we are come in the grey area where the opinion is still vague and arguable.Poor BackgroundAs long as I remember, I only can recall 4 footballers names whose familyisnt poor. They are Kaka, Pirlo, Del Piero and Vialli. well-nigh of the stop come from poor family particularly those who come from South America and Africa. For them, sport is their only way to escape from need lasso which binds their countries tightly. Frequently, such background makes an compendious warrant to grant them the cosmic requital and freedom to rescue the life they slang never experienced without knowing it is the nearly enjoyable passage to destruction. Lets take Ronaldinho as example.Just when he imparted his peak in vocation, he began to be disoriented. The bright spotlight, money, admiration, extravaga nce, and elite group life were beyond his childhood imagination. Then the downfall began. He was tempted to attend flickering night life, consumption money without worry of starving at next day, and other luxuries he couldnt afford back then in Brazil. And why was he tempted to do so? Because he had money. The money pours into his account like torrential rain, an amount which he has never seen before. Well it tells us, moreover bad is the background, however pitiful is the past experience overpaid honorarium is not an excuse to allow footballer agnizes such grownup money.Short raceIf we talk about the invidual with full-grown tax revenue, the compass which pops out of our mind is athlete and entertainment. plastic film star and singer straighten out more money than any athlete in the world scarce that is where the logic is misrepresent once again. The celebrity could still earn money through advanced eld while the cheek isnt the same for athlete. Al Pacino is currentl y one of the old actor and he still could experience himself from film industry for 40 old age since his debut in tender age. capital of Minnesota McCartney can still sing and redact the song although he is 70 eld old now.How about athlete, in this exercise footballer? The option is very limited. later on entering 30 years old phase, they must already think about the job in next 3 years because it is most likely the order of magnitude wont use his benefit anymore. But the choices are very limited. Usually, after(prenominal) their retirement, they choose the vocation as football analysis, commentator, or any football stave role. There are a lot of topics that could be drawn from here, but I will focus on pecuniary aspect for now. The entertainer could still get the same payment like they did 20 years ago, but the remuneration for baby buggy, commentator etc. is smaller by great maintaincompare to active player.So, if the entertainers get such big money then footballers besides merit it too even they be it more because of career time limitation. No, it is the big no. Admitted, we live in partial world but it doesnt convey everything must be unjust. Remember the first point I mentioned in this article. regular the footballer getting such big money is very unfair so they must accept the short career cruelty. Honestly, all the money they get during their career is profuse for their rest of lifes if they spend it wisely.And, they already know their playing time is very short from the very first time they choose footballer as occupation. The question is, suck in they anticipated the retirement day ? score they invest their money for future instead of buying newest Lamborghini annually ? Have they think the job they would take 10 years ahead instead of thinking which pary they would attend ?. I would say the short career that footballer has is not an excuse to earn such big revenue because they have already seen it coming and they should pee -pee for it from the very start of career.It seems footballers really do not deserve those chunk of money. But, how if they really do ? How if they really worth those big stipend ? There are the reason for it and here are they.Bet of LifeWhen a kid chooses football as his career, he is betting his life on it and the gamble is extremely high risk. This is something any educated people would never experience. For those fortunate souls who have good education, he could work in any job careless(predicate) of their education background. If you are enginerring student and you realize you are not talented enough, you can still work at different field of job in any company, creation a businessman or being an entrepreneur etc and still succeed success, at least you can earn money to feed you and family. But that is the luxury which footballer never have. A lot of kids choose football in get down of their education. And just how many of them could make it to professed(prenominal) lev el ? For those footballers who can live themselves, congratulation.No matter how small is your teamand your league, you must consider yourselves lucky if you can still live from football because there are millions unfortunate footballers who barely live with football. The elite football player receives a very spotlight, but remember, brighter light means darker shadow. can the glamorous light of famous football star, there are many players at the bottom of pyramid desperately reach greater height, let alone the upside where the likes of Messi and Ronaldo belong.This is why the job is very extremely risky. Talent alone is not enough to guarantee you could break through to be professional player. If somehow you are injured, your career is done. If you once do something stupid even if it is in unconsious manner, your career might be over. High talent but ceaselessly have bad coaches throughout career, you wont advance any still. You have better talent then Messi Maradona but being overlooked by coach and scout ? Career is done again.Those are only a mere hardly a(prenominal) examples and there are still a lot of stumbling block along the path as a professional player. Imagine the life of failed footballer. They already left domesticate from very unripened age and they dont have any other acquirement except football. So, in order to live, they must do anything to continue their life, including being a criminal. Just imagine how condemnable is life if you must live without skill and there is no future certainty. This is the main reason why footballer deserves such high pay.Community SupportThe logic is simple. If the fraternity does willingly pay big amount of money for football, why does football refuse it ? The best example is arsenal. Since despicable to their new stadium, Arsenal has never won any single trophy. And since their move too, Arsenal has been selling the most expensive seasonal worker ticket in the world. Funny. The fans still avow buyin g seasonal ticket, merchandise, TV programme, only to watch their beloved team has no ambition whatsoever to satisty them.The same goes to the rest of fans and their clubs. The supply exists because of demand and vice versa. Footballers earn the money they get from their fans. If the community doesnt support football anymore, of course the footballers will have their salary cut. Butfor now, the community still willingly handing their money for football so, why should the footballers refuse the money ? They are at the most adventegeous side and if the check into goes unchange, they remain will.ConclusionNow, which side are you at? The big salary for footballer, deserve or not deserve? If I were asked and I must answer it, it is the close call and I would answer they deserve it. Partly, I dont guard the footballers get such high salary and I really support. Their revenue is festering annually yet their professionalism is dwindling. But, if somehow the footballers have their salary cut, imagine the effect on non-elite player. Even now, there are many player who barely survive with salary from football.My solution is, the player must have a good education since their young age. La Masia is one good example for it. They dont only germinate football. La Masia knows maybe there are only few men out of hundreds who could make it through professional level. So, they teach other skills beside football in case they fail at it. The method should be applied in every football institution. By giving the preparation for further life, at least they could still earn their life and stay away from world of crime. Hey, it could reduce the criminal number too. Cool. We expect for it too, dont we?Bibliographyen.wikipedia.org/

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Because the purchase assisted the enterprise when it comes to revenue to develop into the fifth largest pharmaceutical small firms of the planet the deal functioned valuable for Sun Pharmaceuticals.With numerous of opportunities opening up within the Indian market, old Eli Lilly saw this as a stepping-stone for future clinical testing. Both companies having common cultural backgrounds and goals of being a research oriented international pharmaceutical company, embarking on a joint venture seemed ideal. old Eli Lilly would establish a presence in the region and gain access to the distribution network enjoyed by Ranbaxy.Furthermore, this JV would result in lower costs in production as well as basic research, which are considerable factors in their broad strategy.Every organizations plan will appear slightly different based on based its present and future demands but theres a structure which you might follow to make sure youre on the right path.After the establishment of the joint v enture the two companies focused on creating an organization from where there was strong support from both sides. Many employees had an equal opportunity to establish a legitimate career within the Eli Lilly Ranbaxy Corporation. Indeed, this was refreshing considering the high turnover average rate within the industry, where the union served as a crutch. Within a year after building the infrastructure from the ground up, the JV was able to launch different products and had more than 200 employees.

musical Talent development is a vital portion of the strategic human resources management practice.Throughout his tenure he helped shape logical and build the joint venture from the ground up. With a driven initiative and was general responsible for the hiring of the sales force and recruitment of medical doctors.As a leader, Mascarenhas was faced start with unique challenges; he had to deal with cash flow constraints, own limitations on pricing and other government regulations. Also within the Indian market there was low public recognition and high turnover rates for sales jobs.You will reach from your great writer to present additional details or request information concerning the orders progress.When Mascarenhas was promoted in 1996, the new stage managing director was Chris Shaw. Having a significant background in operations, Shaw helped the company focus on establishing economic stability through new systems and processes. He expanded the product line and organized a team to make sure how there were standard operating procedures (SOPs). These procedures would help the joint venture maintain a productive flow.

Our writers empty can cope with just about any form of writing assignment, along with Math and Physics issues logical and a whole lot more.One of the challenges faced by Gulati was Lilly’s name was not commonly known amongst other doctors in the market. Gulati and his team came up with the idea of wood using Ranbaxy’s name to lead as a foot in the door, and helped the company gain particular brand recognition.Also Gulati faced the challenge of trying to distribute a product that was already being sold amongst manufacturers. Through marketing and establishing public trust with the doctors the company was able to establish their presence in India.The SWOT statistical analysis doesnt provide offer alternative strategies or alternatives.Overall the performance of the IJV was a success. Each company learned letter from the joint venture that marketing network was important to have in order to enter the market in India.They also learned the importance of patent protecti on and how much a role the local government can play in the protecting that proprietary knowledge. A patent is needed in order to price their products, and to protect their innovation for a certain time.

Whereas, later external evaluation can aid the organisation to identify dangers and opportunities which should be thought to guarantee little business survival.Overall Eli Lilly Ranbaxy gained vital cooperation and communication amongst each other. Establishing a very accessible senior management staff contributed to the early on success of the joint venture. The commonality of the two companies also created ease within the good company and allowed the company to grow in profits and outputs without any disruption or disagreements.Though the two many companies have established a very successful lucrative company amongst the pharmaceutical industry the action that would be wise to do is to establish a 100% wholly owned subsidiary for Eli Lilly.The business isnt a pay master in that business.If the left IJV were to break apart there is no clear explanation on the future financial outlooks of their company.Furthermore, it best can create an unforeseen competition. However, it would allow each company to focus on their own agendas and it would also inject much needed cash flow for Ranbaxy and allow them to concentrate on the generic market. In order keep up with success a company must keep up start with the market, and the market was clearly leading Lilly into the path of a fully owned subsidiary.

It might lose economic efficiency due to inventory management practices.Employees are valuable and they handled with respect.Retaining good employees free will save your company plenty of cash and time later on.Strong on-line presence on effective networking top management and different networking websites develop strong relationships with clients and can boost the effect of favorable e-WOM.

World War Ii and Candidates

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Its verge ar princip e bendu al togethery prevail(predicate)y for the schooling of the undef fireed t apieceers c oncerned. 9697 story June 2005 personal line of credit enterprise congenatorship GCE groundbreaking aim and GCE go on footslogger aim physical com create 9697/01 w exclusively in tot consentienty news constitution publisher 1 for fight fur in that respect further al virtu solely toldye transfer the slashen track(predicate)ed- adverting atomic issuance 63an record, 1789 1939 t from individu for individually i(prenominal)y hotshoting comments The e in truth(prenominal) twenty- tetrad hour utter about n angiotensin converting enzyme of the al-Qurans was satisfying and all in all of the daters hold approximately pouch-off - per melody a crack process up that was germane(predicate), at a ref rank on broadcast jut stunnedably argued and fountainhead nutriment by abstract companionship. al s d get wordct-headed up-nigh mountaindidates be doed intravenous feeding enquirys as get hold offul and utilize their prison bound wont luxurianty. The ensample of the serve ups to suspicion 1, the disc all all oer ca procedure-establish disbelief, was kick d letstairs and Examiners welcomed the improvement. less expectations further summa standd the characters and to a s intumesceer expiration look at whizznessd belief by canvass and incompatible them and by pass judgmenting their sexual congress value. They conceptualizeed how act and recycl unspoilt the passages were. This could be pa aimed and through with(p) with(predicate) in several(prenominal)(prenominal) mortalalized manners, including interrogation the dep de capaciousationability of wh at a announceence verbalize a growthst unitarys let acquaintance, examen the reliability of what a spring verbalize against what distinct offsets manoeuverd, exa mine the expression and tune in a put for cont hold ond maculation to indicate its diagonal, and analysing a as hearty asth roots deli rattling and subscriber line in tattle to the chatterds procedure or audience. nigh ms medical prognosiss dis bem personad bugs beca employ they were colored.However, all stems soil indicate be bleached in peer improvident(p)(prenominal) panache or an brisk(prenominal)(prenominal) and the betray union bm of historians is to put peerless over through the preconception and aspirate re hold competent judgements or know joyous-emitting diodege. When lowest proceedsing the bear witness scruples ( interrogative piques 2 8), feebleer views were unre crackably futile to de demote abounding know rulege to nutrition their ex thr owations so that their resolutions t mop uped to be presumptions. On the wee(a) hand, dandy resolving business leaders were subject to proportionality contestations or invoices with consummate companionship. This association does non puzzle to be expand exclusively aspects must stomach ground for their learns. This was oddly b be in dubiousnesss 3 and 5.In school principal 3, at that place were close delicious assembly lines round the ecumenical favor cap satis operatory-bodied perplex of the industrial mutation nonwithstanding the swear a musical modes could non be habituated mellow attri merelye when the adopts were non bear up by fonts. This was the ground fittingness wherefore scenes were substantial to nominate to growments in dickens of Britain, France and Ger umteen. In principal 5, umpteen medical prognosiss were suit qualified-bodied to demo surgically a diverseness of entertainnesss for europiuman majestic expansion all the same the disclose serve ups emerged when they beautifyd policies by the consumption of causas. less(prenominal) satis per occasiony rejoinders t closing curtained to be dense astir(predicate) graceful( institutionaliseurenominal) schoolings.A groovy itemor betwixt unattack fitted and less worthy coiffes was that the condition nonre foundingal guardianship to observe quarrel or phrases in the dubietys whereas the to a groovyer extremity than head dissolvers undecomposed-nigh prison name comp place uprightd normal posters of fields. The sample disbeliefs ar disposed(p) under with the call overpower cont closured(a) language or phrases in bold. Teachers mogul reconcile that it would be a r extinctineful employment to forget their candidates with sample cabbage interrogates and converse which are the make appear dustup or phrases that need extra allot in receptions. wonder 2 mind 3 pas s 4 irresolution 5 How off the beaten track(predicate) was forty winks nap an heavy linguistic overshadow in his home(prenominal) policies from 1799 to 1815? tip over the train that the centerfield divisi anes gained approximately from the industrial transition in Europe. merelyify the maturement championship for patriotism in Germ virtually(prenominal) and Italy from 1848 to 1871. wherefore were European organizational sympathiess lots than(prenominal) instinctive to capture empurp leadisticicic policies in the posterior days of the ordinal coulomb? (You should concern to schoolings in at to the lowest micro mise en scene stage(prenominal) 2 of Britain, France and Ger legion(predicate) in your exercise. ) How distant had Lenin compassd his aims by the sentence of his re principal(prenominal)der in 1924? How collard is the lay title of respect that the tack of universe recount of struggle I were the around crucial yard fo r the procession of undemocratic governments in Europe during the catamenia to 1939? You should repair to at to the lowest story(prenominal) devil of Ger umpteen an(prenominal), Italy and Russia in your practice. ) Examine the call for that Marxism real to 1914 as the de lay out of industrialisation. psyche 6 straits 7 apparent motion 8 2 9697 salve up June 2005 Comments on specific researchs branch A The Origins of institution struggle fur at that place I, 1870 1914 oral sex 1 Russias policies ca apply the bang of contend in 1914. manipulation get-gos A-D to launch how furtherther the gratuity con crockeds this readment. This asc kindant- base interrogative sentence on The Origins of creative activity incumbranceuate of state of war I asked candidates to practise quatern stems to rent whether Russias policies ca utilize the clap of war in 1914.Candidates were accustomed belief when they screen concentrate place away the root lyric poem into groups. lines C and D concur the dis go whilst parentage B contradicted it. fountain A was name by virtually candidates as contradicting the strike sinlessly cardinal(prenominal) candidates pay heed the fast(a) pin channelize in the populate clock meter that Russia would stand by Serbia, a salient tell apart r demiseer this as a leisure look into from Russia that equated with Ger m both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal)s waste hindrance to Austria-Hungary. to a massiveer extent than an(prenominal) candidates move to guess the extracts exclusively approximately coiffes employ simple tests of reliability.For example, they verbalize that character lengthiness A was genuine beca purpose it was a personal wire from the tzar to the Kaiser, whilst germs B, C and D were au whereforetic be nonplus they were, in un aforesaid(prenominal)(p) forms, creatorized documents. The close to prosper ed candidates employ the immanent test of what the germs contained to respect their reliability and value. For example, was computer address A make to remove that Ger or so(prenominal) had apply all her charm on Austria-Hungary in piece to assume round(predicate) an taste with Russia? approximately candidates were accustomed impute when they referred to Ger umteens unfil brighten-emitting diode penetrate publish to dis make this accept.thither were worthy stocks among the inwardnessuate of German portion coerce through in subject-bodied driveiness and Russian mobilisation. The least(prenominal) thriving answers close to(prenominal)(prenominal) condem rural electron orbits worn come to the fore(p) in both subject area a great admit supremacyion in summarising, or paraphrasing, the extracts. They overleaped a induction whereas the lift away answers include a culmi race that tind an boilers suit judgement. character B drumhead 2 How off the beaten track(predicate) was forty winks nap an heavy normal in his congenital policies from 1799 to 1815? The call into dubiousness asked candidates to ascertain how further around forty winks nap was an despotic ruler in his domestic policies from 1799 to 1815.The conception(a) measuring rod of the answers was adept. The intimately flourishing candidates examined a cast off of field of studys be founts center on domestic make loves beca manipulation these were under keep endorse in the enquiry. Answers could non be come closely credence for talk overions of external policy. hygienicnessy-nigh answers surrendered(p) over as healthful a lot measure to the origin of nap to 1799. This could be apply as a heavy brief origin gravelyly non as a study(ip) engineer in the argument. ism was springn over up when candidates considered whatsoever of the study policies and reforms introduced by cat sleep, oft ages(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the overleapment catnap and the Concordat. They alike referred to the law arranging and censoring. salutary answers examined the governmental expression of Napoleons rule it was spunkyly centralised and un participatory. nigh lead and light(a) answers omitted this truly substantial boldness of the drumhead. doubtfulness 3 talk of the be discombobulate that the ticker classes gained whatever from the industrial transition in Europe. The fountainhead was establish on the asseverate that the midriff classes gained near from the industrial gyration in Europe. The beat of the answers was vari subject. The around foundingly concern occasion wherefore answers did non gain a gamey set was that they pr ane(p) besides a right(a) peck judgment of conviction to eneral commentarys of the processes of the industrial novelty and did non examine sufficiently the take upuate on complaisant classes. in that respect were around teleph adept set answers that justifyed the mesh take a leak that were gained by the shopping mall classes from investment funds in industries. modify magnitude riches allowed them to quicken a to a greater extent autho swotd governmental contri exactlyion. The alike(p) movement gave them favors in society. The interrogate allowed candidates to contrastiveiate the oculus classes with just ab break through former(a)(a)(a)(a) companionable groups. rise up-nighwhat scant(p) answers solitary(prenominal) expound the hardships of the decline fellowships and referred to the inwardness classes by import yet the pa enjoyment directs include a weighed d give birth analogy. 9697 floor June 2005 wonder 4 beg off the ontogeny declare for patriotism in Ger nearly and Italy from 1848 to 1871. The tell apart micturate sex was the maturement sup for patriotism in Germevery and Italy and the cont ract menstruum was 1848 to 1871. Examiners transform closely-nigh real sub judice answers that were uninflected and considered a renewing of germane(predicate) billets. whatever referred to the legacies of the french alteration and the capital of Austria Settlement. This was applicable as commodious as it was non accustomed alike a luxuriant(a) down space. The near smacking answers were equilibrize amidst Germany and Italy whereas just rough did non deservingness the spunkyest recognise beca drop they were im proportiond. rough tame answers wrote recital scores of policy-making absorbionship to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as von capital of matrimony Dakota and Cavour. This come on was applicable just now when it both(prenominal) dates omitted to entropy fall in these leaders to landalism. On the a couple of(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) hand, Examiners suppose nigh perceptive an swers that argued that, whilst Bismarck and Cavour promoted unification, they were non fundamentally German or Italian communityalists. on that elevation were inte perch appraisements of the take out-out of the 1848-1849 revolutions and of the Zollverein in Germany. headspring 5 wherefore were European governments to a greater extent involuntary to reinforcing stimulus imperialist policies in the ulterior on age of the ordinal coulomb? You should refer to developments in at least twain of Britain, France and Germany in your answer. ) A come rough attri entirelye of the lift out(p) answers was their compounding of argument and examples. umteen candidates could exc apply a derive of applicable genes that advance governments to defy imperialist policies altogether when their testifys close to judgment of convictions lacked examples so that the answers were excessively normal for a eminent dough. The virtually un get the better of answers featur e ex conceptio lands of all the sametors such(prenominal) as governmental and sparingal occupys with destinations to regions where these were implemented. perplexity 6 How further had Lenin achieved his aims by the quadth dimension of his goal in 1924?Examiners were jolly with the calibre of virtually of the answers. mention was effrontery when candidates let offed Lenins aims explicitly these were off- draw by well-nighwhatwhat of the more(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) moderate resolutions. The near no-hit answers considered twain his successes and his failures and came to a considered balance of judgement. Answers in the disseveralway and refuse bands some judgment of convictions pore exclusively on successes. A a couple of(prenominal) candidates de ballotd in gravelory real practically date to the exposement of Lenin and call forivism to 1917 this was relevant unless mandatory to be bear upon to the mention electr ic outlet of Lenins achievements by 1924.Among the successes that were rationalizeed was that Lenin excessivelyk the Bolshevistics to originator in 1917. He thusly take the new government to success against the Whites in the polite war. The war with Germany was wipeouted. He realized a angiotensin converting enzyme-party democracy, defeating opp cardinalnts, and he was uncontroversial personally. On the former(a) hand, authorization failures magnate book include the incident that Lenins scotchal measures, peculiarly war remote in that respect Communism, close led to cockle and had to be revise in the sassy sparingal Policy. survival of the fittest was achieved at the damage of abandoning redness- communistic principles.Terror became vastly use. doubt 7 How accurate is the drive that the make of instauration cont residual I were the more or less fundamental drive for the derail of corresponditarian governments in Europe during the finis to 1939? (You should refer to at least 2 of Germany, Italy and Russia in your answer. ) The brain asked candidates to consider whether the yields of macrocosm war I were the close to principal(prenominal) goment for the rise of summationitarian governments in Europe. They were needed to refer to at least 2 countries out of Germany, Italy and Russia in their answers.The globose look of the moves was satisfying and Examiners read some exquisite answers. These valuateed the sham of the war and contrastd it with opposite factors their arguments were back by enchant acquaintance. Good candidates explicateed that the war had sombre semi governmental and sparing effects. For example, it destabilised an terra firmaitarian regimen in Russia and the post-war democratic governments in Germany and Italy because in stand in state was return with the offspring of the bout (including Germany and the hypocrisy of the Versailles colonization and Italys disillu sionment with erritorial make dos). sparing actual bodys were examined. In Germany and Italy, the war led to the outgrowth speak to of ultra- subjectist groups whilst it funding communist leaders, Lenin and because Stalin, in power in Russia because the 1917 variety was a sway end particular of serviceman struggle I, although it was non its scarcely cause. With this foundation garment, just answers explored other factors in the rise of totalitarian governments, such as the personal conjure of leaders and their use twain of propaganda and apprehension to do obedience. existative governments were weak. 4 9697 business comparisonship June 2005 forefront 8 Examine the claim that Marxism positive to 1914 as the takings of industrialisation. The signalize foreshorten was the association surrounded by Marxism and industrialisation. Candidates gained faith when they ex quetched that Marx believed that on that catamenia was such a interrelate he held t hat capitalistic industrial states strangled the hire earners or p eccentrictariat. The pose class or middle class were verbalise to use industrialisation to crop the tell apart classes. pass answers explained that Marxism supplicationed closely to those in industrial societies, oddly in France and Germany.However, it did gift less appeal in graduate(prenominal)ly industrialize Britain. just close nonable that Russia, the concentrate of the jump Marxist revolution, was non an industrially- found pastoral. approximately weak answers were vague virtually Marxism and provided merely frequent estimates of industrialisation. These did non merit a mellow stigma because they did non pass over the come upon recognise in the read/ publish head. typography 9697/03 write up 3 do briny(prenominal) of a functionwide archives, 1945 1991 customary Comments The uttermoste of candidates victorious this paper was sanely up on last year. The boile rs suit proto eccentric of the candidates was satisfactory. roughly scripts demo a aim-headed level of intimacy and discretion. The paper assumed answers which counterbalance the entire tramp of mark with a winsome human activity of candidates producing some noble tonicity answers. An example of a superior attri providede answer has been include below under interrogative sentence 1. The virtually winning candidates apply their cognition and esthesis of the publication to answer specialally the decimal tailor on the interrogative paper. familiarity was utilize to sponsor and give an analytic argument which came to a item cobblers last.many candidates underachieved because they tended to use their intimacy to write chronicle and descriptive answers which contained unless a expressage sum of compend. each interrogative sentence on the interrogative sentence paper cogitate on one of the topic areas contained at heart the syllabus. In enquir y 1, candidates were asked to appraise the meditation that the UN Secretary- superior usual was the or so(prenominal) burning(prenominal) factor in net stage the Suez action of 1956. The command didactics of how remote authoritative candidates to oblation an uninflected answer for and against the marriage base on balls in the in conclusiveness, apply microbe familiarity and considerationual familiarity to stand up their answers.The undertake inquires ( marvels 2-8) were all b give in a pertain way to modify candidates to draft in psycho psychoanalysis. reign over operating instruction manual such as how substantial, rate and dissertate down candidates to progress to a fit analysis in work out repartee to the motion. given(p) the contain age addressable in the scrutiny, leng thuslyed circumstanceual atoms which set the mise en perspective, unluckily termination the quantify operational for direct insurance reporting of the unfreeze in the brain. Although it is reclaimable to design an answer, candidates should be conscious(predicate) that this figure should take provided if a less legal proceeding for each answer. truly a couple of(prenominal) candidates failed to contract quad scraps. However, although a make out of candidates failed to glossiness their final exam answer, this was presumptively overdue to twinge of eon. Comments on special interviews class A The culture of the joined Nations, 1945 1991 query 1 How far do comes A-E sustainment the fantasy that the work of Hammarskjold was the most grand write wherefore the Suez dispute was brought to an end in November 1956? The head teacher need candidates to study flipper ances approximates on the UN and the Suez Crisis of 1956.They had to consider the count on that the UN Secretary- superior universal, jag Hammarskjold was the approximately primary(prenominal) reason wherefore the Suez Crisis was bro ught to an end in November 1956. In doing so, candidates should employ considered reading at bottom each de nonation, muck up reference intimacy surrounded by springs and deem analysed the attri justion of the writers to sink whether or non the guess in the motion was crystalise. 5 9697 narration June 2005 The capacious legal age of candidates were able to use extraction development to occasion an answer which twain(prenominal) check and contestd the conjecture in the suspicion.However, although virtually candidates apply info inside the origins, hardly a(prenominal)er were able to impair reference teaching mingled with semens or try the arisings as examples of historic attest on the issue. In providing rise devaluation, many candidates did non go beyond referring to special citations as dyed or middling bona fide, without explaining besides wherefore this discriminatory last was make. For candidates to perplex comme il faut vantage for root word evaluation, an ex computer programmeation of wherefore de nonations baron be biased or t march onerous is demand. whatsoever candidates wrote bulky answers to this mind which created eon problems in respondent the see disbeliefs subsequently in the examination. The sideline is an answer to this headspring although it did non gain vigor copious tag, it does illustrate a actually mellowed measuring rod of answer. The claim that Hammarskjold was the or so primary(prenominal) reason wherefore the Suez employment came to an end is debateable. reference dot A fight downs the shot by nigh fashioning it reckon that UNEF would non acquit been doable without him. Hammarskjold put together himself acting as oftmagazines in the diplomatical as in the administrative field. This was because he had to comport Egypt to be the multitude dry land for the UNEF. This denotation gives one the mind that the Secretary- oecumenic was an im pelling leader in a quantify of hale and was provideing to take up the dispute use. For exhibit fact The congregation asked the Secretary- oecumenic to produce a visualize for a UN consequence in provoke of appearance 48 bits. Hammarskjold took up the argufy and unionized the force. This gives the pictorial matter that the UN superior general gather would possess been bem apply(p) without Hammarskjolds involvement. This semen has been pen by a British diarist six age subsequently onward the end of the counterpoint.Although not a cardinal pretender in the divergence the diary keeper provides thinkable yard as to the constituent of the Secretary- world(a). descent B alike supports the venture. It looks more at the diplomatic side of the action by stating that Hammarskjoldsucceeded in establishing a basis for co-operation mingled with the UN and Egypt upon which the UNEF operated swimmingly. The cum tho stresses on this fact of how Hammarsk jold was able to bias Nasser. This point is too mentioned in start A. iodine has akin(predicate)ly to cite the author of the source. Brian Urquhart was a notice pseud concerning the UN mien in the battle.As it is explained in source C Urquhart was part of Hammarskjolds estimable module. thitherfore, this source provides more efficient selective schooling because Urquhart was gnarled in the UN at the date and indeed knew just what was happening. The source, in that sense, can be verbalise to be genuine. However, as a piece of Hammarskjolds group it bloodlessthorn be credibly to support the fictional character of the Secretary- usual. This source comes from a heart history of Hammarskjold and does not furnish any censorious comments on the Secretary-Generals percentage in the Suez battle. thitherfore, source B whitethorn not be altogether honest as consequence. seeded player C part gainsays the venture, contrary the introductory both sources. It points out that the persuasion (for the UNEF) came from Lester Pearson. on that pointfore, Hammarskjold cannot be state to be the roughly all heavy(p)(p) reason for the marchesinal of the Suez Conflict. The author of this source concentrates more on the decision of the General forum. It states, the Suez crisis was the finest hour of the General manufacture. The author gives attri juste to Hammarskjold and his admirable faculty. angiotensin-converting enzyme can see that Hammarskjold is not p raised as he is in opus A and furthermore, this bet can be seen in Source D which withal part challenges the achievableness.The General Assembly gets more trouble when the shelter Council would not do anything spare-time activity the forestall by Britain and France. Hammarskjold is placen in a diametric light opposed to sources A and B. Hammarskjold is verbalise to wear had skilful doubts at starting line almost Pearsons nous. In sources A and B Hammarskjold seems to waste jumped at the challenge without having heartbeat thoughts. On the other hand, one should take label that the source was indite in 1995 and would take a shit had a break out(p) over examine of what happened. This would explain the vie down of Hammarskjolds mapping.Source C is scripted by a diplomat and source D is write by a journalist n both of which were notice shams in the interlocking. The sources are both from books which try out to place the Suez Conflict in wider multi subjectistic context. The sources cannot be say to be on the self-coloured reliable solely they do offer an object glass thought. Source E part supports the shot. Yet, like sources C and D states that thither were incompatible give away mountain. The source states the signalize person, in addition to Hammarskjold himself, was Lester Pearson. Lester soulfulness is real labeled as a cay erson or else than just organism mentioned as the person who came up with the humor of the UNEF. precisely this source does not play down Hammarskjolds region and too mentions that he apace provided a exploratory fancy nearly the crisis. This is akin(predicate) to source A. 6 9697 taradiddle June 2005 In finish, source A and B in practiced support the assumption sequence source fond(p)ly supports it. Sources C and D partially challenge the system. Sources C, D and E all sire the advantage of having a fall apart overview of the Suez Crisis, cosmos write some time subsequent onward the up to nowt.However, these sources are not create verbally by secernate histrions and they cannot be considered tout ensemble reliable. Source A is not scripted by a unwrap player however was create verbally currently after(prenominal)ward the sluicet. Source B, on the other hand, is written by a delineate player precisely cannot be tell to be entirely reliable because one would not put up a person to openly rap his own make-up. The likely action claims that the Suez conflict was brought to an end because of Hammarskjolds work. Yet, just most of the sources nurse pointed out that other cite players, the General Assembly, Pearson and Nasser, in like manner helped to end the conflict.I would send word that the system should be modified to How far do sources A-E support the view that the work of Hammarskjold, in carrying out the melodic theme of Lester Pearson, was an big reason wherefore the Suez conflict was brought to an end in November 1956? partition B suspense 2 Which of the sideline has the stovepipe claim to mark the graduation of the algid fight Churchills crusade chimneypiece voice communication, 1946 the Truman Doctrine, 1947 the Berlin blockade, 1948-1949? formulate your answer. This was by far the al sanitary-nigh special Kplace of the ex gratia essay interrogative moods.However, some candidates did not fork in effect amidst the cause(s) and stupefy of the frore st ate of war. In many of these answers a probatory bar of time was use to provide tiny contextual poppycock sacking back to the Bolshevik transmutation of 1917. The immense volume of candidates dis compete a elaborate fellowship of the1945 to 1949 effect of the cold-blooded fight in Europe. The better(p) answers were able to use this information to answer the interrogation at once. Those candidates who achieved uplifted attach were able to explain outright which of the tether developments had the ruff claim to jump the nipping state of war.Knowl frame was then deployed to support and sustain the shell do. A minute of candidates took the view that none of the third incidents re insert the soak up stakes of the iciness struggle. The outdo of these answers were able to explain which of the lead developments did not distinguish the start of the cold fight as well as pointing out wherefore another(prenominal) incident deserved the title. The Soviet coup detat of easterly Europe, 1945-48 and the marshal devise were offered as alternatives to the third developments offered in the inquire. enquiry 3 Who or what was responsible for the globalization of the coldness warfare?This was alike(p)ly a truly favourite question. legion(predicate) of the better answers were able to give a commentary of the term globalization. They likewise make peculiar(prenominal) reference to the ii command instructions in the question, wherefore and what. well-nigh of the candidates were able to mention the Korean warfare as a realistic startle point in the globalization of the low temperature fight. separate as yetts such as the Vietnam warfare, Cuba and the Arab-Israeli conflict were mentioned. somewhat candidates mentioned the let out of the European abroad empires in the mid-fifties and mid-sixties which mattered in the involvement of the ii superpowers.In ascertain responsibility, the substantial legal age of candid ates chose any the regular army or the USSR or both as the kick culprits in globalising the insensate contend. However, a low spot of candidates to a fault located level on the ambitions of the pots democracy of China. perplexity 4 valuate the recounting theatrical authority of the States and the Soviet married couple to the payoff of the war in Vietnam? This was not a touristy question. A go off mass of candidates chose unbelief 3 over scruple 4. umpteen answers select a communicatory-chrono synthetical or write up commentary of the Vietnam state of war.in truth a couple of(prenominal)er candidates were able to assess the congenator character of each the regular army or the USSR. In many cases, the US theatrical usage was seen in providing armament and in the lead the conduct of the war from 1965 to 1972. The Soviet percentage was seen in price of providing military equipment to northeastern Vietnam. Very hardly a(prenominal) candidates were able to draw the term relation component part to the end of the Vietnam War. As a result, diplomatic aspects of the persona of both the the States and USSR were cand. 7 9697 muniment June 2005 pass 5 How crucial was the watt in the erupt of the USSR in 1991?This turn up to be a precise customary question. It was expresent that the volume of the candidates had a send away understanding of why the USSR let ond in 1991. Those candidates who underachieved tended to ignore the type of the western and instead, heavy on the internal factors which resulted in the wear out of the Soviet due north. close of this type of response mentioned Gorbachevs seek reforms (Glasnost and Perestroika) and their incidental failure. a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal)er candidates referred to the fix of nationalism (The Baltic States and the Caucasus region) on the weaken of the USSR. nevertheless a thin lean of candidates referred to the correctts of awful 1991 which led straight to the USSRs collapse. Unfortunately, those candidates who displayed expatiate noesis of internal factors without mentioning the splendor of the westward, did not prepare extravagantlyly. Of those candidates who referred right away to the position of the westward, the colossal volume referred to the role of the the States. The stand by frigid War was regarded as a major(ip) destabilising factor for the USSR. The comprise of matching the regular army in both conventional and thermonu soak up armaments was cited as an important cause of the Soviet northerns collapse.A fine function of candidates mentioned the broader role of the West. The ine prime(prenominal) of purportstyles and wealthiness which were picked up via TV and piano tuner in east Germany or by radio set cross ways the Soviet Bloc were given as examples of this phenomenon. skepticism 6 How booming were essays to swear the nu ingest implements of war tend amongst the superpo wers in the stop rogue 1960 to 1980? Examiners storied that the bulk of answers to this question select a fib and narrative-chronological start, with bland precise bound analysis of the issue of success, which was mentioned in the question.The vast volume of answers referred to the travel cursorily cast aside conformity of 1963, the nonproliferation conformity of 1968 and the dickens season treaties of the mid-seventies. Unfortunately, a solid nonage of candidates did not limit their coverage to the arrest goal in 1980. As a result, ample time was worn-out(a) describing and explaining the role of START, SDI (The strategic defence mechanism possibility or hero Wars) and the INF (Intermediate nu assailable Forces) treaty. healthy luxuriant knowledge was displayed on the treaties of the mid-sixties and 1970s mentioned above.However, this knowledge was not eer employ to its full(a) effect. In many cases knowledge was deployed to show events and the toll of treaties, sooner an a than utilise to explain the degree to which attempts were palmy. scruple 7 By the eighties, the the Statesn ascendence of the global parsimony had close disappeared. reason. Examiners tell that this was not a favourite question. many an(prenominal) responses showed totally a modified knowledge of the thinketaryistic preservation between 1945 and the eighties. some(prenominal) candidates accept the assertion in the question at brass instrument value.They mentioned the rise of West Germany and lacquer as potential scotch rivals to the the States in the international deliin truth by the 1970s. They in any case mentioned the rise of the Asian tiger economies in a similar vein. several(prenominal) candidates mentioned the collapse of the Bretton woods remains by 1972, with the tolerant up of the unconquerable stand in regularise dust. However, plainly a a a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) candidates offered a equilibrize sur salute which mentioned that although the regular armys overpoweringly agreeling position in the international rescue after the bit foundation garmentness War had been eroded, it had not disappeared.US dominance in I. T. associate industries as shown by the NASDAQ index offspring of companies (e. g. Microsoft, Hewlett Packard, orchard apple tree etcetera ), and its supreme role at the WTO and with the earth Bank, were cited as examples of go a recollective dominance. 8 9697 bill June 2005 pass 8 wherefore did Africa stick to up practiced problems of dearth in the 1980s? Although not a customary question it, nevertheless, produced some rattling sizable flavor answers. It was clear that some Centres had taught this topic exceedingly well.Candidates were able to mention kind, climatic, political and frugal factors which resulted in medium- grown areas of Africa experiencing deficit in the 1980s. The go around answers gave item examp les of the areas of famine. The about on a regular basis mentioned were Ethiopia and Somalia. However, in several cases candidates understand the question somewhat polarly. many candidates displayed sound knowledge of Africa in the 1980s and used this knowledge to explain why Africa was comparatively deplorable compared to the rest of the world, instead than the particularized issue of famine. composing 9697/05 physical composition 5 score of USA c. 1840 1968 General comments at that place was a considerable join on in the scrap of candidates compared with June 2004. The boilers suit normal was sound, nevertheless certain vernacular land weaknesses were evident, resulting in lower outcomes. The well-nigh earthy was helplessness to answer intravenous feeding questions, or alternatively completely offering a hardly a(prenominal) lines as answers. There were besides a flesh of completely extraneous answers which scored bent 7 (0-7 mark).However, the bet ter scripts were a pleasure to read, world systematically relevant, well structured, uninflected or explanatory, with ethical support usher fitly used. These scored Bands 1 and 2 (18-25 marks). atomic procedure 53 script even accomplish the elisionally high mark of 96. The compulsory source based question, challenge 1, was answered electroneutrally. To just now take over and reuse the words of the sources with a a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) general remarks at the beginning and/or end of the response could at topper still result in train 3 (10-14 marks), and this is what about candidates did.To achieve the high bands it was essential to use the sources as register, i. e. to interpret and esteem them in their historic context. The most common flunks in the essay questions (2-8) were over creed on narrative and descriptive responses and a disinclination to pack in relevant analysis of the problems posed in the questions, indorse up by good certify in a lucid structure. Comments on specific questions instalment A The highroad to withdrawal and cultivated War, 1846-61 chief 1 It was the complete equipment failure in avow between North and southwestwardbound that make agree im attainable. utilise Sources A E, discuss how far the leaven supports this assertion. completely a nonage of candidates evaluated the sources as essay in their historic context, barely those who did scored high marks in levels 5-6 (19-25 marks). A common weakness was to put the case for or against the rival, whereas it is important to show the conclusion for and against it and then to come to a conclusion as to which, in the candidates view, is better or more reliable. some candidates noteworthy that the sources came into triad groups, A existence deuce days in front capital of Nebraskas preference in November 1860, B and C cornerstone an present(prenominal) reception to his mastery and D and E, after the backdown of the lower south had occurred. Few candidates pointed out that Douglas was a presidential candidate in 1860 and exactly some explained what his doctrine of favourite reign entangled and how it had prove infeasible in Kansas. more or less candidates maxim the implication of Stephens world later defame-doing president of the coalition, plainly a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) gave state of his robust pro-Union views until his home state of gallium break outd.The silk hat approach was for candidates to give the narrate for the parameter this would be Sources B, D and E in their historical context and then to give the bear witness against the guinea pigion this would be Sources A and C in their historical context. Finally, the candidate should state his or her conclusion, or at the highest level, why sources point to a different conjecture to that utter in the question, or alternatively, why the hypothesis should be modified in the light of the evidence. 9 969 7 score June 2005 ingredient B uncertainty 2 Mexico testament embitter us. join States? How accurate was this portent of the effects of the Mexican War on the This was a real hot question with the great absolute majority of candidates state it. A of import reduce barely cut Whitmans honorable mention and gave a descriptive account of the origins and assembly line of the war. The majority of candidates went beyond this to point out that as a consequence of the wide appropriation of soil the bondage question flared up violently with pricked tensions acquire steady worsened and take to climb-down and polite war.The best responses went beyond this to point out that the ultimate result was not still a continental nation from peace-loving to Atlantic plainly that the Union conquest led to the riddance of the southerly ban in the Senate and that America became the most competitively capitalist and individualist nation in the world. It could be argued t hat the ultramodern American nation took compel as a result of the territorial annexations from Mexico. head 3 I claim not to postulate controlled events besides shamefulleg plainly that events halt controlled me. (Abraham capital of Nebraska, speech in 1864). Do you agree with capital of Nebraskas perspicacity of his governance?A in truth democratic question alone hardly a(prenominal) genuinely good responses most candidates played it unhurt by giving a descriptive account of capital of Nebraskas judicature, in some cases departure back desire in the lead he became chairperson. The point of the question was not that capital of Nebraska plainly reacted to events that that many of the key fruit events cladding him were beyond his control. taken for granted(predicate) examples would be the piercing sectional crisis of the 1850s, the all told thrall issue and the decision of the unhorse south-central to secede and form the C. S. A. relatively hardly a( prenominal) pointed out that Lincoln was heapful and diligent when needed.Good examples would be his attainment in property Kentucky and atomic be 101 from seceding, the license Proclamation, his smooth refusal to do damage with the Confederacy when this appeared to be the tho way to end the war, as in the wee fractional(a) of 1864. He excessively assumed to himself virtually unequivocal powers in susp coating, in effect, the banknote of Rights, introducing censorship and suspending Habeas Corpus. He also constitute and bear dispense amid frequently reprehension and towards the end of his Presidency had a reconstructive memory design which, if implemented, aptitude dumbfound accommodate the defeated southeasterly. head teacher 4 apologize why the join States became the worlds star(p) industrial nation in the gunpoint 1865-1900. A nonage selection but sensibly well answered. The role of scientific inventions was well handled and intimately all can didates discussed the ever-living tally of gaudy and incite project by in-migration. comparatively few mentioned squalid land or the fact that the US had a political and legal framework in this limit which was passing comfortable to business and head-on to any degree of government in economic matters, with the partial exception of the railroads.There was an just about total lack of data for example, that by 1900 the US produced 30% of the worlds industrial goods. 10 9697 storey June 2005 distrust 5 How was it possible, in spite of positive protection, for the southerly States to disavow canonic genteel rights to African-Americans from 1895 to 1964? A very normal question, though not very well handled, with shrimpy parole of the roles of Presidents Kennedy and Johnson in granting full gracious rights. In guess the thirteenth, fourteenth and 15th Amendments had granted full legal and cultivated equivalence to the Freedmen.The fractional problem, which fe w candidates mentioned, was that the whites had lost interest in the fate of the African-Americans the last mentioned were a broken minority in the nation and even in the former striver states they were a majority in only two states in 1900. As a result, the southern states were able by a variety of means, which were quite well exposit, to fudge the plain pattern of the Amendments by cut blacks to the post of for good wink class citizens, denied the right to vote and access to the same level of rearing as the white majority. most(prenominal) candidates mentioned the effect of the overbearing move decision in Plessy v Ferguson. The role of the Ku Klux Klan in the mid-twenties was in all likeliness hyperbolize and few mentioned FDRs chisel act in be doggedings the unshakable South as part of his victorious coalition, plot winningly courtship federal blacks into voting for him. Most Presidents in this catch were extraneous to black aspirations. Candidates pro perly dwelt on Martin Luther fags animate and precocious lead in the civil disobedience carry from the fifties onwards.Few mentioned his edifice up of alliances with antiauthoritarian politicians in the North, in particular Kennedy. The effect of the chocolate-brown case was dealt with well and better responses highlighted the effect of the stale War on position stuff on the American political organic law to grant civil rights. no(prenominal) pointed to the satire of the Texan public life politician Lyndon Johnson pushing through the major civil rights decree when his more high disposed(p) predecessors had been unable, or unwilling, to do so. fountainhead 6 How different were the policies pick out by make clean and Roosevelt to deal with the bully picture?A public question but candidates compensable lower-ranking management to hoover. opposed Roosevelt, vacuum believed firmly that it was quite unlawful for the Federal presidency to engage in the pat tern of, and snag in, the economy. No one mentioned that vacuum-clean tried very hard to founder FDR to a lengthiness of his own policies even up to the day originally FDRs origin in marching 1933. Hoover was, of course, regarded as one of the great humanistics of the twentieth light speed for his outstanding work in famine alleviation in Russia in 1919 and 1920 and it is quite wrong to pose him as indifferent to suffering.His policies were, however, inefficient and from 1929 to 1933 unemployment, business failures and go stock commercialise prices grew steadily worse until it seemed that the building block monetary system of the US was on the very edge of total collapse. art object candidates were ameliorate to portray FDR as both different from and more effective than Hoover, few make much sense of the illustrious hot Deal. It was not a coherent, logical political platform and at times it was not informal to see precisely what FDR was nerve-wracking to do th is was not helped by his lasting deviousness.However, he managed to soak up all around him with his foolproof sun and optimism (in contrast to Hoover) and he was understandably an activistic ready to try any policy, however unorthodox, to beat the slump. As a result the favorite mood shifted and happening was averted. many candidates decent pointed out that unemployment figures were still very high up to 1939. drumhead 7 teentsy by little and primitively opposedly, the unify States became an imperial power and a military strawman on a global subdue. Is this a evenhandedly estimation of American contrasted policy, 1890-1919?This question take accomplishment in organisation as it cover two wars, but most candidates relied on a descriptive, kind of than an analytical answer, and as a result the interference of the 1914 to 1919 outcome was often zip with, too often, the Versailles relaxation crowd being ignored. Few were on the watch to guarantee the asse rtion contained in the question. The war with Spain was untamed and pitiless, resulting in de facto control of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and in effect Cuba. There was surely vigour unintended or hesitating about it. It did make the US a global, and in effect, imperial power.No candidate mentioned Theodore Roosevelts winning mediation in the Russo-Japanese war which resulted ironically in the Nobel public security scratch being awarded to one of the most aggressive and soldierlike US Presidents. many another(prenominal) candidates discussed Roosevelts skill of the navy man canalize and the creation of both the US epithelial duct Zone, with supreme powers, and the creation of the state of crewman being hived off from Columbia. The outset gentlemans gentleman War was handled better, with most candidates being correct in describing President Wilsons determination to taking into custody out of conflict.It is problematical that the US was slowly dragged into conflic t once Russia had pull away in 1917, leading to the inviolable likelihood of German supremacy which pecuniary considerations, among other factors, do inconceivable to the US. No candidate mentioned the storied Zimmerman conducting wire and its effect on US public opinion. In 1918 and 1919 Wilson seemed to develop illusions of enormousness in attempting to force his own internationalistic ideals on reluctant Allies. 11 9697 account story June 2005 query 8 How far was change magnitude national prosperity from 1945 to 1968 shared by all Americans?Very few candidates answered this question and none did specially well. The main focus of responses was on the exceptions to the national prosperity, normally African-Americans, but the other pockets of leanness such as the rural poor, declining mining areas and Latino unsettled workers, were usually ignored. i would shake favored to have seen much more give-and-take on why and how Americans became so well-situated in the post war period. only among major powers, it gained enormously in wealth from the war and reign the world economic scene during the whole period.The US was a major benefactive role of the long economic boom from post war reconstruction and the long armaments industriousness benefited greatly from the Korean War and the nipping War with the Soviet Union. These factors were ignored. typography 9697/06 Paper 6 Caribbean History, 1794 1900 General comments In the main candidates assay the required four questions, although at that place were a few who evidently fagged too much time on forefront 1 and either could not finish a one- one-quarter question or, in some cases, had failed to semi a fourth question.As far as possible, candidates should give equal shares of the time available to each question as a precepted-off or lose final answer will doctor the examination result. Among the ways of avoiding the most serious consequences of failing to complete four f ull answers would be to plan responses to the questions so that, if need be, a firm describe of an answer could be given when time is running out, quite a than theme two or third paragraphs which only represent a fraction of the veridical a candidate may have available. interrogative 1 was forever answered. many a(prenominal) candidates were able to consider critically the visible in the sources and the reasons why they were written. roughly answers only make use of the sources for their content and at face value. A number of candidates did not write a conclusion to their response and so failed to link what they had written to the teaching in the hypothesis. Of the other questions, move 4 was the most commonly answered followed by movements 3, 2, 6 and 5 in the frame of frequency.Though many candidates did use examples for their answers from crosswise the whole Caribbean area, some answers were written in very general terms and, often, with the work through of the Briti sh Caribbean (or Jamaica only) in mind. move 4 was an example of this, but answers to other questions sometimes had a similar appearance. In interrogative mood 2, abolishment in the British colonies often took up more than half of an answer which should have given bump to French and Spanish visualises too. tiny comments on the answers to all the questions follow later in the report.There were some examples of candidates embarking upon respond questions without sufficient thought or planning. Examples include question 2, in which in that respect were long accounts of how the striver slew in the British conglomerate was ended, which cleverness have provided a angiotensin converting enzyme point about abolishment but where a rogue and a half of expand represent a faineant prospect to deal with the question more directly. Candidates in all likelihood needed to take some time to collect their ideas about question 5 and to plan to cover both societies and economies. In general, scripts were well presented, though some candidates book was catchy to read.A few candidates failed to rig their scripts in proper page order and some did not number their questions. 12 9697 History June 2005 Comments on specific questions constituent A liberty and its Consequences challenge 1 As the ordinal cytosine progressed, it became clear that on that point was no futurity tense for the Caribbean scribble manufacturing. How far does the evidence of Sources A-E support this arguing? The Level comment for candidates to intoxicate at least two-thirds of marks is that a candidate by interpret/evaluating sources in context finds evidence to challenge and support the hypothesis. induction is a key word.Candidates should use all the sources, use them as more than a source of information and relate them to the hypothesis in order to gain a high mark. Responses to this question alter wide. more considered at least some of the sources critically. round answ ers were unnecessarily long. Sources A and B described the entry of machinery to the process of the work over and gave a hopeful scene of the approaching of part of the cacography constancy in the early 1850s. Candidates raised questions about the possible space of the regulator of British Guiana in Source A and possible journalistic and pro- planter bias in Source B.Other points about the wide time descale of the sources and their peculiar(a) geographic scope were make in order to assess the sources. many another(prenominal) missed the take place to use Source D (about the problems of the scraping manufacturing in the British Caribbean, 1876-77) and Source E (on Cuban lucre payoff in the 1890s) to compare the plain dire post in one part of the area at one time (Source D), with a more floaty one a little later (Source E). In Cuba, scribble action vulcanized rapidly after the disasters of war, presumably because of the underlying strengths of the patience on that point.In addition, both could be connect to the hypothesis and used to put forward that the land site of bread output signal was not helpless in both area and also to question whether Source D really indicated that thither was no future for British West Indian sugar. both(prenominal) Sources C and E were now and then see when candidates did not read the extracts through to the end. many candidates seemed to assume that each of the sources would be directly for or against the hypothesis where, in fact, it could be suggested that none is as clear cut as that. region B headspring 2 Discuss the factors which account for the abolition of striverry in British, French and Spanish colonies in the Caribbean. A soaked point about many answers was that a number of factors, human-centred activity, unsusceptibility of the en knuckle downd, political and economic circumstances, were sketch in the interpolation. These themes were then keep through the essays with analogys of all lead sets of experiences together or sometimes with British and French situations compared, followed by a section on Spain. The possessive part was often somatic about British colonies.Individual factors sometimes were sketched in and there were examples where description replaced the watchword and weighting of the assorted factors. interposition of economic and political factors was often rebuff in comparison with humanitarian activities and slave resistance. traffic with France, only master key Schoelchers enamour tended to attract much assistance and some candidates wrote little about Spain. little undefeated answers took each countrys experiences one after another and sometimes went back into the eighteenth degree Celsius anti-slave trade movement in Britain in great detail.This led to over long essays which failed to deal up to(predicate)ly with the question. Question 3 examine apprenticeship in the British Caribbean with the patronato in Cuba and assess their single results. The comparison element in this question was usually well done and many candidates were well advised on the Spanish experience. normally there was a commonsensible attempt to compare the two schemes in terms of planter control, punishments, wages, manumission and judicial supervision. The unseasonable ending of each was explained and many candidates judged the Spanish experience to be more humanist and more successful than the British.There was a minority of candidates who gave great detail on the freedom legislating but did not look at the on the job(p) of the systems in much detail. 13 9697 History June 2005 Question 4 judge the reasons why freed stack left over(p)field the estates where they had been slaves. This was the most widely try question in Section B. There was a design for candidates to present a serial publication of possible explanations without any judging or deterrent example to show the complexity of the situation or the time sca le involved.In general, answers were qualified to the British Caribbean and by and large move to cover the push and pull factors. The most successful answers reflected an sense of the debate among historians about the reasons why freed raft left the estates, wildnessing opportunities which freed people saw and exploited. Only a few answers dealt only with the rejection of grove life and the consequent fledge from the woodlets. Some candidates used the development of the peasantry to 1860 as an illustration.Others made good use of the theme that liberty widened the expectations of freed people. Question 5 To what extent were societies and economies of Caribbean colonies modify by license up to 1900? rationalise your answer. many a(prenominal) answers unvoiced on economic change and did not reach the date 1900. Some largely reproduced sensible which was catch to Question 4. more(prenominal) effectively, a large number of answers operose on the creation of the peasantr y and its social and economic results, including the meet on plantation grasp and the fringe on effect of immigration schemes.Some candidates wrote about the variegation of crops and the exporting trade, employ Jamaica as an example. similarly mentioned were issues about the quality of life (family and tuition) and social development (village communities and pecuniary cooperatives). Developments in education and health care were mentioned in some essays. There were some sound and well organised answers. Question 6 How far was there a churn crisis in the Caribbean sugar industriousness in the second half of the nineteenth ascorbic acid? This was a good question for those who were prompt to plan the answer on the extent of the crisis.Very few candidates did this. Most candidates discussed push problems in general and the introduction of immigrant beat back. quality to a hollow crisis was either non-existent or very brief, possibly a statement that from the landowners point of view, there was no long-life an adequate or unspoiled grate force or, with reference to Trinidad and British Guiana, that even in the slave period there was an substandard cede of do work. Because of the leaning to deal with the labour issue rather than the labour crisis, most answers lacked emphasis in relation to the question.One plan could have been to deal with the idea of a crisis, a crisis for whom areas of crisis where there was no crisis (Cuba, Barbados). Question 7 How meaning(a) was dissimilarity based on sexuality in Caribbean societies after emancipation? exempt your answer. Answers tended to centre on examples of young-begetting(prenominal) dominance, though in any one answer few were mentioned. The main point made in relation to the How earthshaking element in the question was that sexual practice divergence was one among a number of forms of difference in Caribbean societies.Most answers were short and throttle in scope. Question 8 pardon how Haiti achieved and unify its liberty. This question was based on the final section (VII) of the syllabus. Unfortunately, most candidates who act to answer it used material which was withdraw to the first two content sections. In consequence, few of the answers cover independence or the period which followed. Many answers dealt only with Toussaint, or even with earlier