Saturday, December 28, 2019

Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability

12 Develop Workplace Policy amp; Procedures for Sustainability BSBSUS501A Table of Contents PART 1:...........................................................................................................pg. 3-10 Introduction....................................................................................................pg. 3 Benefits of a Sustainability Policy................................................................pg. 4-5 Methods of Consultation/Communication of the policy.............................pg. 5-6 Set of Procedures that will Ensure Improvement in Resource Efficiency..pg. 6-8 Methods Used to Track amp; Monitor Continuous Improvement...................pg. 8-9†¦show more content†¦Financial Impacts: The integration of the recommended policy can be undertaken within council’s existing budget or through opportunities for external funding at either a local or regional level. Another significant factor is the savings on power, electricity, and resources in the long run. Risk Assessment: Simply no risks have been identified. By providing tools for the consideration of sustainability in all aspects of WCC processes, this project has the potential to enhance WCC’s risk management processes. Methods of Consultation/Communication of the policy WCC have a wide range of key stakeholders, thus continual engagement with these stakeholders is an absolute must. As is why there is a need for a variety of methods to be put in place in order to have continual consultation with all levels of stakeholders. WCC must engage staff of levels including Executive, senior and middle management groups as well as other staff from various departments. Methods of Consultation will include: * Regular work group meetings * One local and one regional workshop WCC, facilitated by external company experts in implementation and training in Sustainability Policies. * One on one interviews * One on one meetings * Informative projectShow MoreRelatedDevelop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Essay4640 Words   |  19 PagesName: Christopher Buxton Course Title: Diploma of Management Unit Code: Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Unit Code: BSBSU501A Assessment1. 1. Review the case study information provided and determine all legislative and regulatory documents that describe compliance requirements for this company. After reading the case study for the Tiny Opera Company I have determined through my own research that the following legislative and regulatory requirements will need to beRead MoreDevelop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Assessment Task 11251 Words   |  6 PagesDevelop policy Three policy option summaries: * Using resources wisely: * Econo-Environmental * Environmental Stewardship * Encouraging visitors to consider sustainability: Encouraging customers to make sustainable choices is the biggest environmental challenge. * Focusing on appropriate management principles: * Customer focus * Leadership * Involvement of people * Draft sustainability policy: Using resources wisely: * Econo-environmental: Read MoreSustainability @ Macville Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesBSBSUS501A Develop workplace policy and procedure for sustainability Assessment Task 2 Policy review project Submission details Candidate’s name|john white|Phone No.|| Assessor’s name|judy bennett|Phone No.|| Assessment site|||| Assessment date/s||Time/s|| The Assessment Task is due on the date specified by your assessor. Any variations to this arrangement must be approved in writing by your assessor. Submit this document with any required evidence attached. See specifications below forRead MoreProject Review1224 Words   |  5 PagesPolicy review Abstract: To come out with an interim report to examine and review the MacVille policy and procedure documents to determine the shortfalls between required sustainable practices and documented approaches to the same. In addition, to review current usage of resources to gain understanding of potential for recommending change to organisational practices.Moreover, to develop an implementation plan for the new and revised policy documents. 1. Interim report 2.1 identify andRead MoreLeadership : A Successful Network Of Collaboration, Together We Create Mutual, Continuing Value?956 Words   |  4 Pagesmaximize firm’s benefits in policy implementation. We will strive to be agile and responsive to the emerging needs of the company. 4. Organizational Capability: We will provide a challenging, dynamic and stimulating workplace that is well regarded. We will support career development and build the capability of our leaders. Requirements of the Team (Strategies for Action) †¢ Provide evidence based advice: Objective and timely advice to the subordinates. †¢ Manage public policy risks: Through early identificationRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1431 Words   |  6 PagesAlexa Cameron December 28, 2015 Ethics Program Ethics Simply put, ethics are moral and appropriate behavior in the workplace. A typical misconception is that ethics and legality are synonymous; however, not all unethical action is illegal and can typically be controlled within an organization. The following program will help to establish and clarify a basis for a proper code of ethics for this organization. Ethics are important because it helps to define and strengthen the culture ofRead MoreSustainability Of Apple Inc1419 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Sustainability of Apple Inc. Introduction Sustainability should mirror the culture of the organization, matching the organizations strategic approach to doing business. Organizations are now developing sustainability strategies and embedding them in the organizations culture. The organization understands that sustainability will play a major role in their future success/failure. Corporate Sustainability can be summed up using the Triple Bottom Line approach. The Triple bottom line theory is FinancialRead MoreTiny Opera Company Essay1827 Words   |  8 PagesMohammad Monowarul Islam Student ID: 1209 ATCHARAPORN   STUDENT ID: 1213   BSBSUS501 Assessment 1 Unit Name: BSBSUS501- Develop workplace policy and procedures for sustainability Course Name: Diploma of Business Introduction Tiny Opera Company operates in a rural NSW town. Colleen Starr started the company after moving to the small town from Sydney in the late 1970s. Colleen wanted to bring the wonder and entertainment of theatre-based performances to rural NSW. Her vision was to createRead MoreA Company Cool Cafe From 80 Collins Street Melbourne1210 Words   |  5 PagesCafe we establish and develop the required staff behaviours to be ethical, legal, professional and respectful to all our business stakeholders and build a positive business rapports among the stakeholders. †¢ Cool Cafe HR standard: At Cool Cafe we ensure that all the current and potential staffs have the right work conditions, employment contracts, staff training and development, staff induction program. †¢ Cool Cafe Quality standard: At Cool Cafe we develop the standard procedures and protocols for foodRead MorePolicy Implementation And Review On Sustainability Essay2369 Words   |  10 PagesPolicy Implementation Review Each sustainability goal will require changes to the existing way your company does business. To try and say that sustainability is just an attitude is incorrect. With only an attitude, your company will see no recognizable or measurable change in sustainability. Transmitting the desires of the board, as expressed through policy, into actual business practices is challenging. It requires analyzing the existing way of doing business, what the desired result is, and

Friday, December 20, 2019

Short Story - 912 Words

A well-groomed African-American man in his mid-fifties named ‘Kyle Aldridge’ was working the late 9:00 pm to 5:00 am shift at the local petrol station. He was halfway through his shift having served less than a dozen customers. Then an old angry eyed man approached Kyle. When the old man directly stared at a small skull tattoo on the front of Kyle’s left forearm and then whispered to Kyle, â€Å"Your Mum isn’t here to help you.† It sent shivers and Goosebumps up and down Kyles back. In part, it was the deep-dark tone of the young man’s voice. However, it was the words the man used. Your Mum isn’t here to help you†¦ The words seemed so recognizable to Kyle, but it was couched deep, deep in the cubicles of his mind. He couldn’t quite identify†¦show more content†¦However, he didn’t think Canada was the place either. But, he did remember what occurred. He was just going to rob anything inside the boy’s house. He had a mask and gloves on, and defiantly didn’t want to do what he did. However, the boy had a loving and caring mom, which annoyed and angered Kyle. As he never had a mom and was an orphan in a very abusive family. So, he quickly decided to change what he had planned. Kyle had brought his trustful black Glock nine to the robbery, with that he violently forced the poor mother to tie up her son, and then hit her with the gun over the head as the son while crying watched. After the mom slowly recovered from the concussion, Kyle had gotten bored of her, so he slowly choked her to death. The boy was screaming†¦., â€Å"mum please help!!!† while Kyle approached him. Then he whispered to the sobbing boy. Your mom isn’t here to help you. He defiantly made a mistake by not killing the boy, but he wanted the boy to remember what happened to his loving and caring mother. This wasn’t Kyle’ s first murder he had committed, but ultimately got arrested for getting caught with an unregistered gun and from check fraud, not from any of the murders or robberies or beatings that he done. He spent ten years at the Stratford centre of corrections, and when he was released he did odd jobs and low level cons to support himself. And at that instant his heart started pumping in his chestShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Analysis Of The E-Commerce Websites OZSALE And Implementation

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of The Current E-Commerce Websites And The Implementation Strategy. Answer: Introduction E-commerce is the type of business that can be conducted online (Chiu et al. 2014). The business for the organizations can be easily conducted by the online transactions that take place on the website. The system consists of the following features such as mobile business, online transactions and also conducting online payments. It is a very important part of the business for can kind of business organization. The report is used for the discussion of the analysis of the current e-commerce websites and the implementation strategy for the formation of the e-commerce website. The OZSALE is used for the report as the E-Commerce website. The report consists of the discussion about the current situations of the OZSALE website and the information which they should use for the formation of a new website. In addition to this some recommendations for the organization are provided in the essay for transforming the current website from national to international level. OZSALE website The E-commerce is a very important platform for the small and the medium sized business website that are important for the development of the socio-economic growth of a population (Fang et al. 2014). The medium sized organizations are the most important part of a countries economy. With the steady development in the internet there has also been a steady development in the growth of the e-commerce businesses. There has been a major development in the business to business and the business to consumer e-commerce models. With the growth in the E-Commerce the business opportunities for the Small and Medium Enterprises have also developed to a great level. In addition to this the E-Commerce websites have provided great opportunities to the start-ups and the entrepreneurs in the business. These companies can go online to explore new areas of the business and the new target market for their businesses. In addition to this, the businesses that have the off line set up can very easily avail th e online part of the business. The OZSALE has used this concepts very easily. The OZSALE is the number one shopping website in Australia. It provides the doorstep delivery to the customers. The website that is created by the organization for the sale of their products is very effective. The website also has a very user friendly layout providing the users with very easy accessibility of the website. The users can very easily log in to the website. They can just use their Facebook accounts to become a member of the website. The people can find a variety of product on the website. The products of the company are divided into different categories in the website. The users can browse through the different categories in the website and also select their desired product and order it online. In addition to this, the users also can provide their information and can store it in the websites databases. The Business features of the Company The Company does their business online (Huang and Benyoucef, 2013). The customers of the company can choose their choice of products from their online services and the products are delivered to their doorsteps. The website allows the company and the customers to communicate with each other. The website also provides efficient payment options for the customers online. The website also provides an option of inviting a friend and obtaining a reward of 20%. This would improve the business of the company. The website also provides their customers free membership. The positive and negative aspects of the website The positive aspects of the website are (Hannak et al. 2014): The website is very easily accessible and the browsing through the products in the website are also very easy. The website provides a very useful checkout option to the users. The website also categorizes the products efficiently. The website also provides a very attractive outlook. The negative aspects of the websites are: The products are very limited. The branded products are very costly in the website. The website does not provide the customer with an option of Cash on delivery. Analysis of the website design The website is designed in ASP.NET. The user interface of the website have been designed very efficiently and the navigation options of the website are also very efficient. In addition to this the website would have been much more if the website was being designed in PHP language. The website also provides the users the option of blogging this would be very useful for the users as they would be able to know about the reviews of the product (Xiao and Benbasat, 2014). They would also be able to discuss about the products and also availability of the new products in the market. In addition to this the website provides the user to interact with the website with their social network accounts. This would be helping the users to have to register to the website again and again. In addition to this the website does not provide the users the option of the cash on delivery option and this is very in efficient on the part of the website. The website would be very efficient as the developers have provided a very efficient navigations for the users. The overall development of the website has been very efficient. But, there are some small requirements of the website on updating those features the website could be more efficient. Comparison of the current Business model and the website life cycle The Website life cycle has four major stages: Planning, Building, Sustaining and Improving. In the planning phase the requirements of the users, the technical integration of the systems, the designing of the system, content of the system, promotion of the system and the marketing of the system are involved (Li and Karahanna, 2015). In the current website these processes were performed very efficiently. The designing of the website is very efficient. The navigation of the website is very efficient and the categorization of the products of the company are very efficient. In the building phase of the website is generally involved with the documentation of the website and the preparation of the content of the website, and the project management for the website project is also done in this phase. The current business model that is in place for the company is efficient and also the contents of the company are very efficient. This would be useful for the customers to use. The Sustaining phase of the website involves the promotion of the website and also the day-to day management of the website and also involved in this stage is the marketing of the products in the website. The OZSALE website is very nicely designed and also the website design is very attractive. Hence, this would be attracting the customers effectively. The website is also updated regularly and hence, the maintenance of the website is done very efficiently. The Improving stages involve the research, website testing and the innovation of the website. The company hence requires a lot of research on the improvement of the website and also the website requires improvement on the cash on delivery part. And hence, the improving stage of the website is on progress. E-Commerce implementation strategy The Business of the organization is only available within Australia and hence, if the company is looking to expand its business than they should look to incorporate with the international courier service providers. This would help to deliver their products outside the continent. This would also try to satisfy their overseas customers. The company should also look to increase their range of products and also should look to introduce new brands to their array of products. The company should look to incorporate the cash on delivery options for their customers. All these improvement would be helping the company to grow their business. Recommendation For the improvement of the overall efficiency of the business some recommendations are provided. International courier services: The Company should try to incorporate with the international courier services that would be helping the company to grow on the international level. Cash on delivery: the company should look to provide the customers the option of the cash on delivery. This would be helping the company to grow their business. The customers of the company would be more satisfied with the company by this procedures. Increase Products: The Company should try to increase the range of products that are offered by them. This would allow more brands to incorporate with the company and also increase the customer satisfactions. Conclusion For conclusion it can be said that the company identified for this report is the OZSALE Company. The e-commerce business and the analysis of the company is also done in this report. In addition to this, the report contains the pros and cons of the company website. Additionally, the company is looking to expand its business worldwide and hence, the possible recommendations for the company to expand its business is provided in this report. References Barreira, J., Martins, J., Gonalves, R., Branco, F. and Cota, M.P., 2016, October. Analysis, Specification and Design of an e-Commerce Platform That Supports Lve Product Customization. In International Conference on Software Process Improvement (pp. 267-274). Springer International Publishing. Chiu, C.M., Wang, E.T., Fang, Y.H. and Huang, H.Y., 2014. Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk. Information Systems Journal, 24(1), pp.85-114. Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., Sun, H., McCole, P., Ramsey, E. and Lim, K.H., 2014. Trust, Satisfaction, and Online Repurchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Effectiveness of E-Commerce Institutional Mechanisms. Mis Quarterly, 38(2), pp.407-427. Gomez-Herrera, E., Martens, B. and Turlea, G., 2014. The drivers and impediments for cross-border e-commerce in the EU. Information Economics and Policy, 28, pp.83-96. Hannak, A., Soeller, G., Lazer, D., Mislove, A. and Wilson, C., 2014, November. Measuring price discrimination and steering on e-commerce web sites. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on internet measurement conference (pp. 305-318). ACM. Hartono, E., Holsapple, C.W., Kim, K.Y., Na, K.S. and Simpson, J.T., 2014. Measuring perceived security in B2C electronic commerce website usage: A respecification and validation. Decision Support Systems, 62, pp.11-21. Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 12(4), pp.246-259. Li, S.S. and Karahanna, E., 2015. Online recommendation systems in a B2C E-commerce context: a review and future directions. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 16(2), p.72. Maity, M. and Dass, M., 2014. Consumer decision-making across modern and traditional channels: E-commerce, m-commerce, in-store. Decision Support Systems, 61, pp.34-46. Xiao, B. and Benbasat, I., 2014. Research on the use, characteristics, and impact of e-commerce product recommendation agents: A review and update for 20072012. In Handbook of Strategic e-Business Management (pp. 403-431). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Marketing Principles Of Business Organizations - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Principles Of Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction Contemporary business organizations are not only selling their products to the customers, but also determining the requirement and trend of the market to offer products accordingly. This is due to the fact that, the current market scenario is of customers era rather than being the manufacturers era. Thus, it is important for the organizations to target the specific market effectively and determining the preferences and requirement of the target market (Chan, Kwong Dillon, 2012). It will help them to provide service that is more effective to their customers. Another aspect that has been considered by the contemporary business organizations is the marketing of their products (Baker, 2014). This is due to the reason that, the current market scenario is much more complex and competitive. Emergence of several competitors in the market forces the business organizations to effectively market their products to attract more customers and to stay ahead in the competition. Coca cola is one of the leading multinational organizations in the current business scenario. They mainly operate in the market of carbonated soft drinks. They are being considered as a truly global organization with having presence in every major region around the world. The effectiveness and distinctive nature of their marketing activities have caught several eyeballs and are being considered as benchmark. This report will discuss about the marketing policies of Coca cola along with considering the marketing mix of them. Evaluation of the macro environment for Coca cola will also be done in relation to the Australian region. The marketing strategies implemented by them will be discussed in order to determine the effectiveness of them. Micro environmental analysis Customers Customers for coca cola comprise from all age groups and income groups. People looking for non alcoholic refreshment will be their customers. In addition, sports people and working people looking for instant refreshment are also included as the customers for coca cola. The customers for coca cola are mainly influenced by personal, social and psychological factors. This is due to the reason that, the brand value and penetration of the coca cola is so effective that people looking for refreshment will first recall the brand of coca cola, which is the personal buying behavior (Tingchi et al., 2013). Accordingly, the society is also influenced by the presence of coca cola and it is been seen as the most effective option to fulfill the thirst. The brand marketing of them is being done in such way that, coca cola is being portrayed as the thirst quenching beverage which will also act as complimentary for enhancing happiness. Thus, it is being effectively associated itself with the happines s in the society. It has positive influence on the psychological state of the customers. Competitors One of the key competitors for coca cola is Pepsi which is also offering similar products to the market. Pepsi is also operating in the various regions with having positive brand value in the market. However, in terms of the market share, Pepsi is much behind of coca cola. Other competitors such as Nestle and Dr. Pepper Snapple are also far behind in terms of the competition. As of 2016, the annual net revenue of coca cola is US$ 41863 million (Hollensen, 2015). Figure: 1 Market share in the soft drinks industry Company The main strength of coca cola is their brand equity. Coca cola is being considered as the most prominent valuable brand in the world (Huang Sarigollu, 2014). Thus, with the help of the brand equity, it is easier for them to operate in the market and push new products in the market. Another strength for them is their presence around the world. Coca cola is being available in every major regions and the market penetration of them is very high and effective. However, they are also having some weakness also which includes the less diversified product portfolio. Their major competitor Pepsi has market presence in the snacks and food sector also. On the other hand, coca cola is only catering with their portfolio of beverages. Moreover, the absence of health drinks in their portfolio will also have adverse effect on their business due to the reason that majority of the customers are shifting for the health drinks from the carbonated soft drinks. SWOT analysis Strengths Huge brand equity. Huge market penetration. Global presence. Market leadership status. Unique marketing activities. Effective distribution mechanism. Weaknesses Having close substitutes. Different private level brands. Lower diversification of products. Issues with water management. Opportunities Introduction of health and energy drinks. Increasing operations in the developing economies. Introduction of the packaged drinking water. Pushing new products under the same brand. Threats Issue with water sourcing. Emergence of new competitors. Introduction of strict rules regarding the soft drinks. Change in taste and preference pattern of the customers. Macro environmental analysis Macro environment refers to the external environment in which organizations have to operate in the global market. It includes political economical, legal, technological, environmental and some others factors. These are the factors, which cannot be controlled by the operating organizations. Thus, it is important for the business organizations to effectively determine the external environment and effectively adhere with it. To determine the external factor being faced by Coca cola in Australia, political, economical and socio cultural factors will be discussed using the PESTLE analysis. Political factors The political environment in Australia is stable and favorable for the business environment. Moreover, the business friendly attitude of the government and initiation of various business friendly policies is further helping the business organizations in operating in Australia (Keating Loughlin, 2013). However, one of the key factors that should be considered by Coca cola is the issuance of more stringent rules and regulations by the government. With the emergence for more complexities in the current business scenario, government is issuing stricter rules, which can pose challenge for the business organizations. Economical factors Being a developed country, the economical environment in Australia is favorable for the business environment. The per capita income and gross domestic product of Australia is showing positive trend in the recent years (Schneider, 2013). The annual GDP growth rate of Australia is 2.8 percent as of 2016. Thus, the market potential for the business environment is favorable and increasing in the recent years. Development of the economy will lead to increase in the purchasing power of the customers. Thus, the demand for the products will be more. However, emergence of the economic crisis in the global business scenario in the recent times will pose challenges for the business organizations. Thus, this type of crisis will adversely affect the business potential for Coca cola as well as other organizations. Socio cultural factors In the present era of globalization, majority of the countries are being influenced by the global culture. Thus, it will be a huge opportunities for the multinational organizations in offering their global product portfolio to the Australian market (Mak, Lumbers Eves, 2012). Organizations such as Coca cola will have more market for their globalized products. However, one of the key issues that may be faced by coca cola in operating in the Australian market is the change in the taste and preference pattern of the customers. More and more customers in the Australian market are opting for healthier options such fruit drinks over the carbonated soft drinks (Lopez Fantuzzi, 2012). This is due to the reason that customer awareness regarding the bad effects of the carbonated soft drinks is increasing. Thus, it will pose challenge for the business operations for coca cola. Marketing strategy of coca cola Marketing strategy involves by the business organizations to attract more number of customers effectively. Moreover, in the present business scenario, marketing involve not only promoting the products but also determining the requirement of the customers and classification of the customers based on various aspects (Kumar et al., 2012). Marketing strategy involves various criterions such as segmenting, targeting, positioning and differentiation, which all will be discussed in the following sections. Segmentation strategy In the present business scenario, majority of the business organizations segments their target market prior to the initiation of the marketing activities. Segmentation refers to the concept of choosing a certain section of the potential customers based on some particular aspects, which will be similar to the approach being possessed by the organization (Wedel Kamakura, 2012). It helps the organization to effectively determine the requirement of the target segment and offer products accordingly. Segmentation strategy by Coca cola Coca cola involves geographic, demographic and psychographic segmentation policies in order to effectively segmenting the available customer base. In the case of the geographic segmentation, coca cola targets majority of the regions around the world (Cliquet, 2013). This is due to the fact that, the products being offered by coca cola is having universal acceptance in the market. Moreover, soft drinks are being accepted in every cultures and social traditions. Thus, they do not face any cultural or social barriers. Moreover, coca cola is having diverse product portfolio, which is being offered in different regions according to the local taste and preference. For instance, they offers berry and lemon flavored drinks in Wales. In the case of demographic segmentation, they mainly target the customers having age group between 15-25. However, they are offering various products based on the preference pattern of the customers across different age groups (Sandy, Gosling Durant, 2013). For instance, coca cola offers diet coke for the more health conscious people from the higher age group. For the psychographic segmentation, coca cola involves effective marketing and promotional activities in order to create and enhance the brand awareness. They have created their brand image in such way that coca cola as a brand is more of creating positive impression than its utility. Thus, young generation is more attracted by this concept. Targeting the chosen segment Having selected the chosen market segments, the next step for the marketers is to effectively target the segments by reaching out to them with the help of marketing activities according to their taste and preferences. Targeting helps the organizations in effectively reaching out to the chosen segments (Hassan Craft, 2012). The more effective will be the target strategies, the more will be the customer loyalty. Target strategy by coca cola To target the chosen age group of 15 to 25, coca cola have joined hand with other brand having presence among the younger generation such as McDonalds. It helps them in offering their products with the other leading brands, which results in more brand awareness among the target segments. The advertisements of coca cola are also designed keeping in mind the considerations of the young generations. Thus, they design their advertisements as adventurous and joyful which will attract more customers in the targeted segments. Differentiation strategy Differentiation strategy is more important for the contemporary business organizations due to the reason that, in the presence of several competitors, differentiation will help to create unique image in the market and attract more number of customers (Valipour, Birjandi Honarbakhsh, 2012). In the case of coca cola, they have initiated various strategies in order to differentiate their products in the market. They complimented their products as symbol of joy and happiness. The initiation of distinctive retailing such as vending machine also created distinctive image. Brand promotion by sponsoring various events and with the help of various celebrities helped them to stand out among the crowd (Sola, 2012). Their competitive advantages include market leadership status, co-creation strategies and initiation of distinctive marketing campaigns is helping them to differentiate their products in the market. Brand positioning Brand positioning is the concept of effectively position the products in the mind of the customers in such a way that it will match with the characteristics of the products and will have positive outcome (Maarit Jalkala Keranen, 2014). Different brand positioning strategies will help the similar products in the market to have different outcomes. In the case of coca cola, they positioned their products more as tastier products rather than having products with lower calorie count. Figure: 2 Brand positing map of coca cola Marketing mix Marketing mix constitute of product, price, place and promotion. All of these four aspects are required for the business organizations in order to effectively operate in the market. Marketing mix helps in designing all the four aspects effectively and in coordination with each other (Gordon, 2012). The more effective will be the marketing mix, the more will be the holistic marketing activities of the organizations in the market. All the four aspects of marketing mix will be discussed in the following sections. Product Product is the main component which creates value for the customers and generates revenues for the organizations (Gordon, 2012). Coca cola caters to the customers with their range of convenience products. This is due to the reason that, there is no requirement of prior planning for buying coca cola by the customers and it targets to a large section of the customers. According to the product life cycle, coca cola is having different products in different categories of product life cycle (Stark, 2015). The coke classic is the oldest product of them and it is in the maturity stage due to the reason of having high demand of it. This is the effectiveness of coca cola to extend the life cycle of their products. Diet coke the other hand went quickly to the decline stage due to fewer acceptances in the market. Coca cola life is on the introduction stage and coke zero is one the growth stage. According to the three levels of products, the core benefit of coca cola is their taste which is unmatched and unique in the market. The actual product is the beverage that they are providing. Moreover, according to the market trend, they have change their designs and color of their beverages and bottles. However, the taste remained same. The augmented product offered by them is the brand value and status and trendiness being garnered by the customers. Place Place in the marketing mix is important to provide convenience to the customers. Distribution channels are included in it (Gordon, 2012). Coca cola involves intensive distribution strategy to Cater to more number of customers. It enables them to be available in more number of markets around the world. However, coca cola involves indirect channel of distribution in operating in the market. Some of the key advantages that they derive from it are less responsibility and cost required in distribution, catering to more number of regions due to high penetration of the third party vendors and increased customer convenience. Price Price is the value that is to be paid by the customers for the products. Pricing should be done in accordance to the target market (Gordon, 2012). The pricing strategy involved by coca cola is made in consideration to the mass markets. Thus, majority of the products are being accessible by the mass-market customers. However, products of them such as powergrade are being targeted for the higher end sports people. Thus, pricing is being done to cater to more number of customers. Coca cola involves competition based pricing strategies due to the reason that, the market for soft drinks is intensely competitive with the presence of several close substitute products. Moreover, due to the fact that soft drinks are basically targeted for the mass market and are priced lower, thus Coca cola involves competition based pricing in order to stay ahead in the competition. The nature of market for coca cola is monopolistic competitive and thus effective pricing strategies are important to attract t he customers. Price for them is being determined by the market force. In the introduction of the new products, coca cola follows the penetration pricing strategies in order to penetrate the market for the new product. This is due to the reason that, the majority of the products of coca cola is lower priced for mass market and all the products for them are in the same product line. Thus, price-skimming strategy will not be applicable for them. The motive of their introductory products is to penetrate market as much as possible in less time. Promotion Promotion refers to the activities to increase the identity and exposure of the particular promoted product among the customers. The more effective will be the promotion, the more will be the awareness for the product in the market. As discussed earlier, distinctive promotional activities are being involved by coca cola to effectively attract the customers. Their promotional strategies involve various sponsored events, celebrity endorsements, extensive advertisements and co-creation strategies (Kalafatis et al., 2012). Promotions mix includes various mode of promotion such as advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations and direct marketing. All of these modes are having their own set of advantages as well as disadvantages. Among all of these options, coca cola involves advertising, sales promotion and public relation. Due to their involvement of major mode of promotion, they can cater to the large of audience effectively. The key advantages of advertising and sal es promotion are the effectiveness of the activities as well as covering more target audience. However, limitation includes involvement of huge cost and determining the cultural diversity among the target market. Figure: 3 Promotion mix. Recommendations The current strategies being involved by them are effective for them in marketing their products. However, there are some areas for improvement is being identified. One of the key areas is the introduction of the health drinks. This is due to the reason that, majority of the existing customers is preferring health drinks over the carbonated drinks. Thus, coca cola should come up with health drinks brand. Another issue is the calorie count of the existing products. Coca cola should reduce the calorie count of their existing products to retain the existing customers. Conclusion Having discussed the marketing strategies being involved by coca cola, it can be concluded that they have initiated distinctive approach in reaching out to their customers. The marketing mix and strategies initiated by them in according to their target market. Segmentation and positioning of their products are also been done effectively to target the chosen market effectively. However, some issues have been identified which should be rectified in order to increase the business potential. Recommendations are also been discussed and it is expected that effective implementation of the recommendations will help them to effectively operate in the market. Reference Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Chan, K. Y., Kwong, C. K., Dillon, T. S. (2012). An enhanced fuzzy AHP method with extent analysis for determining importance of customer requirements. InComputational Intelligence Techniques for New Product Design(pp. 79-93). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Cliquet, G. (Ed.). (2013).Geomarketing: Methods and strategies in spatial marketing. John Wiley Sons. Gordon, R. (2012). Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), 122-126. Hassan, S. S., Craft, S. (2012). Examining world market segmentation and brand positioning strategies.Journal of Consumer marketing,29(5), 344-356. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Kalafatis, S. P., Remizova, N., Riley, D., Singh, J. (2012). The differential impact of brand equity on B2B co-branding.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,27(8), 623-634. Keating, M., Loughlin, J. (Eds.). (2013).The political economy of regionalism. Routledge. Kumar, V., Rahman, Z., Kazmi, A. A., Goyal, P. (2012). Evolution of sustainability as marketing strategy: Beginning of new era.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,37, 482-489. Lopez, R. A., Fantuzzi, K. L. (2012). Demand for carbonated soft drinks: Implications for obesity policy.Applied Economics,44(22), 2859-2865. Maarit Jalkala, A., Kernen, J. (2014). Brand positioning strategies for industrial firms providing customer solutions.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,29(3), 253-264. Mak, A. H., Lumbers, M., Eves, A. (2012). Globalisation and food consumption in tourism.Annals of tourism research,39(1), 171-196. Sandy, C. J., Gosling, S. D., Durant, J. (2013). Predicting consumer behavior and media preferences: The comparative validity of personality traits and demographic variables.Psychology Marketing,30(11), 937-949. Schneider, F. (2013). Size and development of the shadow economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD countries from 2003 to 2013: a further decline.Johannes Kepler Universitt, Linz, 5-7. Sola, A. (2012). The impact of celebrity endorsement on strategic brand management.International journal of business and social science,3(6). Stark, J. (2015). Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management (Volume 1)(pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing. Tingchi Liu, M., Brock, J. L., Cheng Shi, G., Chu, R., Tseng, T. H. (2013). Perceived benefits, perceived risk, and trust: Influences on consumers' group buying behaviour.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,25(2), 225-248. Valipour, H., Birjandi, H., Honarbakhsh, S. (2012). The effects of cost leadership strategy and product differentiation strategy on the performance of firms.Journal of Asian Business Strategy,2(1), 14. Wedel, M., Kamakura, W. A. (2012).Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Against Ufos Essays - Ufology, Ufologists, , Term Papers

Against Ufos UFOs: Neither Here nor There Throughout the past, the existence of unidentified flying objects and aliens has been disputed over and over. Many different platforms and viewpoints have been taken in order to support the respective sides of the issue. The main argument against intelligent life existing somewhere other than Earth is that of where they derive. The truth of the matter is there is no place in the universe that UFOs and aliens could exist. Skeptics are faced with the fact that modern science has stated that no other orbital body in our solar system or immediate surrounding area is able to sustain life (Blum, 1990). Our solar system is a collection of planets, comets, and assorted chunks of rock. Despite the similarity in appearance, there are startling differences between the various bodies in the solar system, and especially between the planets(David, 1967). Mars, the planet most often associated with aliens, has been tested by scientists with an instrument called the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer and ?. . .it found no signs whatever of any organic compounds on Mars (Man, 1985, p. 69).? This was a great leap in the debate over intelligent life as it finally put to rest the idea that Mars was the home of alien life(Man, 1985). Debaters now quickly jumped to the idea that life existed on any number of the other planets. Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, has no way of sustaining life as it is an airless and waterless mass. The planet also exhibits extreme temperatures up to 660 degree Fahrenheit thanks to its location relative to the sun(Rivera, http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3852/mercury.htm [2001]). It is unlikely that life exists on Venus because of it's atmosphere and temperature. The green planet's atmosphere exerts 90 times the pressure of Earth's and traps all the sun's heat that enters it causing extreme and intolerable temperatures that average 900 degrees Fahrenheit(Hamilton, http://www.solarviews.com/eng/venus.htm [2001]). Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are made of almost entirely the same substances as each other. Made up of liquids and gases, the outer planets make it simply impossible to land a spacecraft on any of them(Man, 1985). After availing themselves to these facts, supporters still argue with the new conjecture that aliens come from outside our solar system. However, any immediate object outside our solar system that is vast enough to possibly maintain life has been investigated and shown to have no life(David (Ed.), 1967). In addition, all celestial bodies outside of the direct rays of the sun show alarming similarities in that none of which have enough solid mass to support the landing of any spacecraft, and that they show no method for sustaining life(Man, 1985). This pattern seems to be true for the rest of space, but, even with skeptics pushing the envelope further and further, scientists now have yet another way of disproving the existence of extraterrestrials. After disproving theories up to a certain point in space, scientists state that in order to subsist further away than what is known would force spacecraft to travel at speeds greater than light. This type of travel is simply impossible, due to the needed technology to produce vehicles that are able to maneuver the universe immaculately and without crashing at speeds exceeding 700,000,000 miles per hour(Setter, http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/AndyPage/WWWUFO.htm [2001]). The skeptics who state UFOs and aliens exist are faced with the simple fact that there are no hard facts to support their case(Vallee, 1966). Never in history has the government, along with the top scientists and astronomers in the world, of any country filed any flying saucer sightings as Alien Species(David, 1967). One point is illustrated best by an excerpt from The UFO Enigma in which the author tells us that a typical UFO observer would be an ?. . .unstable single or unhappily married clerk . . .a college student filled with youthful enthusiasm, or some spiritualistic soul in quest of unearthly experiences(Vallee, 1966, p. 160).? I believe this statement sums up why there are still people in this world who believe in Aliens and UFOs. Also, with the amount of media existing today, it is extremely difficult to believe that no news show or media broadcasting company has ever recognized any UFO report on national

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Should I Stay Or Should I Go †English Essay (100 Level Course)

Should I Stay Or Should I Go – English Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Should I Stay Or Should I Go English Essay (100 Level Course) If I was a citizen of the city of Omelas, and saw the child in the closet, I would not walk away. I do not see any good that could come from walking away. The problem would still exist in the city and I would have nowhere to go, and going nowhere alone doesn’t sound like a smart thing to do. However, at the same time I wouldn’t just stay in the city and not do anything about the child in the closet. I wouldn’t go on living my life like I did before I saw the poor child locked in a closet. Witnessing the horrible situation in which the child has to live would affect me in a way that wouldn’t allow me to live my life in the happy manner that I previously lived in. I would try my best to help the child so that he or she could also live a happy life. First of all, how can running away even begin to solve any problems? I don’t understand what the point of leaving is. If you disapprove of something you should not just walk away. You should voice your opinion and try to make other people see things the way you do. Walking away wouldn’t be a good idea because the things that you are walking away from will still be the same. If I was in Omelas I would have listened to the crying and pleading of the child when it said â€Å"I will be good, please let me out. I will be good!† The people of Omelas just ignore the crying of the child, late at night it screams and whines for help. How anybody could be so lacking of compassion that they would not help a young child that is in so much pain is unbelievable to me. They say that â€Å"they would like to do something for the child, but there is nothing they can do.† That is absolutely unacceptable. They can do a lot for the kid. They can take it out of the closet, bathe it, feed it, clothe it, love it, and take careo f it. That is not hard for them to do. They say that if they did all those things then â€Å"the prosperity and beauty and delight of Omelas would wither and be destroyed.† How do they know that if they never tried to take care of the kid. Where is the logic behind that arguement? There is none. It makes absolutely no sense that there has to be a kid locked in a closet for the rest of the city to be happy. I can in no way appreciate the argument that â€Å"assuring the happiness of one would throw away the happiness of thousands.† For this reason I would help the child. Once I saw how thin, hungry, and alone the child was I would do the best I could to help it. I am not a believer of superstitions and the belief that helping the child would cause the city a lof of pain is a kind of superstition. Any person that has even a little bit of compasssion for other humans would have the same answer that I do. There is no way that one could go on living life the same after witnessing such a horrible situation. If I saw the child and heard his cries for help I would never be the same. I could not live with myself if I knew there was something I could do to help the child and I didn’t do it. In order for a city to be happy and free every citizen needs to be treated equally. This is not a quality that Omelas has. Even if it is only one person that is treated unfairly it ruins the image of the city. If I was there I would do my best to make the city I live the best place possible. I also wouldn’t walk away because I would have nowhere to go. The people in the story that walked away all walked away â€Å"alone, into the darkness, and never came back.† Walking away would not help myself, the child, or the city. The only way I would even consider walking away is if I was going to take the child with me, and that would not be walking away alone. Research Papers on Should I Stay Or Should I Go - English Essay (100 Level Course)Personal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraStandardized TestingCapital PunishmentHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayWhere Wild and West Meet

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Interpret the law of secured transactions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpret the law of secured transactions - Essay Example Article nine of the Uniform Commercial Code states that security interests are termed as personal property. According to the case, the first party to present the financing statement has priority to the collateral. Therefore, by filing the financing statement in advance, a party can perfect a security interest in the collateral. Therefore, this makes the party a secured creditor; in addition, the secured party creditors’ interest is also protected through the collateral (Miller, 2011). The creditor who acquired the security interest later also has a valid claim towards the collateral. Nevertheless, the later creditor is considered a junior creditor therefore; his security interest has less priority than the first creditor. Even though the later creditor had no prior knowledge of the collateral, the first creditor has priority over the collateral. The first creditor filed the notice first thus creating a useful knowledge for all future creditors (Miller, 2011). With regard to article 9 of the Uniform Commercial code, the interests are referred to as personal property. This is well to reveal the fact that according to the case, Metro Bank does not offer a quantitative statement to ensure that it receives as collateral if any as it claims (Duncan, Lyons, & Wilson, 2011). It is also the law according to the article that any other auxiliary shareholders or creditors should file statements that are clear to reveal the financial position of the company. In the given case, it is expressed that Metro Bank did not carry out enough survey to find out the source of the assets in terms of financial statements that Agile Corporation borrowed. Had Metro Bank carried out a full analysis of the assets without rushing out to offer the amount of Money that it did to the corporation, it would have found out that Agile Group had borrowed 1 million dollars from Hi Finance Company. The security interest that Metro Bank bore at this point, where Agile bleached

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

How useful is social anthropology for an overseas student in looking Essay

How useful is social anthropology for an overseas student in looking at and understanding modern British society - Essay Example Social anthropology is a title used in England and to some extent in the United States, to designate a department of the larger subject of anthropology, the study of man from a number of aspects. It concerns itself with human cultures and societies† (Pritchard 3). Therefore, it is evident that the study of Social anthropology deserves greater significance. Many researchers have identified that ‘social anthropology’ is quite a recent name which was taught under the names of anthropology or ethnology (Prichard 3). A very good definition of Social Anthropology can be found in the official website of Harvard University that writes, â€Å"Social Anthropology is concerned with the social and cultural diversity of contemporary human communities and groups† (Harvard). The website adds that through ethnographic methods and intensive participant observation â€Å"Social Anthropologists study topics such as gender, race and ethnicity; religion; economic development; i llness and healing; human rights and political violence; popular culture and the role of media in society; food and consumption; and the impact of globalization† (Harvard). This leads one to the inference that social anthropology will have an elite role in making an overseas student looking at and understanding the British society, its race and ethnicity, religion, economic development, illness and healing, and the like. The purpose of the study is to explore the certain factors of social anthropology that help an overseas student to properly understand the modern British society. Identifying gender has an elite role in assuring a good educational standard for an overseas student. When one selects a particular country for one’s further studies, it is mandatory that he or she should have proper awareness about the gender differences existing in that region. One should keep in mind that fact that ‘diversity, and complexity and change are, then, features of contemporary British society’ (Abercrombie,

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Law Enforcement Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Enforcement Paper - Essay Example Policing in the United States dates back to the pre-colonial period, an era characterized by high level of immigration from European countries into the country. Immigrants from Britain formed a significant proportion of the foreigners and the United States later became a British colony. This colonial relationship played a major role in the development of the current modern policing and common law in the United States. According to Uchida (2004), the modern features that define American internal security such as community policing, crime prevention and hierarchical police command originate from British law enforcement agencies. As early as 900 AD, Uchida (2004) notes that law enforcement in United States was the responsibility of every citizen. Individuals used state authorized powers to uphold order in the society, a type of policing which Walker (1977, p48). refers as â€Å"kin police†. Because there was no police, individual persons were responsible for security of their rel atives. This type of security later developed into a formalized communal policing that was adapted from 1066 to 13th century. The defining characteristic of policing during the period was a community-based model called frankpledge (Uchida, 2004). This model comprised of small groups, each made of nine boys above the age of twelve years. These groups were called â€Å"tythings† and members came from the same neighborhood Uchida (2004 p23). Each member was sworn to uphold security by protecting fellow citizen, apprehending criminals and taking them to court of law (Uchida, 2004). This form of security organization was compulsory in nature and was enforced by the state although the members were compensated for their work. During this period, United States was under the rule of English Monarchy and absolute loyalty was necessary. A constable who was appointed by the local nobleman commanded a group of ten tythings (Uchida, 2004). Therefore, the constable was the first police offi cer with official security responsibilities beyond helping his neighbor. The tythings were grouped into larger units of hundreds, which were then collaborated into larger units, called â€Å"shires† (Uchida, 2004, p25). The head of each shire was called â€Å"sheriff†, an appointee of the king. This form of security system disintegrated in the 13th century as result of insufficient supervision from the king (Uchida, 2004, p28). The parish constable structure took over and adapted the same system, although it gave the constable more powers than in the preceding system. The constable commanded a group of watchmen who guarded entry points and gates of towns at night. This form of English security arrangement continued in the 17th and 18th centuries (Walker, 1977). The sheriff, constable and the watch formed the core hierarchical system of police system in the United States. The sheriff headed the police operations in a county and the governor appointed him. The role of sh eriff included collecting taxes, arresting criminals serving subpoenas in addition to making court appearances. In big tows and cities, the night watch reported fires, detained and arrested suspected criminals, raised the alarm, maintained street lighting in addition to walking around in the towns to ensure security. Constables were responsible for taking criminals to court, removing health hazards in the towns and ensuring that witnesses appeared in courts (Walker, 1977).

Friday, November 15, 2019

Strategy and practice

Strategy and practice Strategy and practice Human resource management and industrial relations The role of line managers in human resource management Abstract Recent research indicates that there is an increasing trend that human resource specialists and line managers share more effective responsibility for their organizations human resource practice. However, HR specialists and line managers often have different opinions and implementation on human resource management. Line managers didnt work well as expected. Therefore, much literature argues that line managers are the weak link in converting HR strategy into practice. Introduction In the first part, this paper analyzed HR specialists and line managers perspectives on line managers involvement in HR activities. Many literatures and a case study are used to find out the reasons. Line managers who are regarded as the weak part in HR practice implementation can be analyzed from four aspects: the competence of line managers, disdain for HR work, working priorities for line managers, tension and conflict with HR specialist. Secondly, this paper comprised the suggestions which could enhance line managers contribution to organizational performance. Defining line management It is important to define the concept of line management at the first stage. An early literature described that â€Å"the distinction between line function and staff function within organization, despite some speculation, maybe limiting.†( Logan, H. 1966,p.46) It is valuable to distinguish boundaries of responsibilities between line function and staff function. Stewarts defined line mangers as â€Å"those that have direct responsibility for achieving the objectives of organization, and are often identified in production terms (production/ operation/ manufacturing), while staff functions exit to provide advice and service to line functions†. (Stewart 1963 p. 24) Storey proposed a typology of senior/ middle line managers which is clear to show the role of line managers in organization. (Storey, J., 1992) Firstly, he identified two dimensions of line managers role. It was shown in a matrix. (Figure 1) The first dimension concluded commercial oriented and technical oriented. The second dimension is the extent to which line managers response to organization: proactive and reactive. Storey defined four types of line managers: business mangers, manufacturing managers, sales managers and production managers. Storey suggested that HR specialists and line mangers share different proportion of HRM responsibility in each type. Production mangers was regarded as the most traditional interpretation of the role, hence, HR specialist takes mostly responsibilities for the HRM. The manufacturing managers share HRM responsibilities with HR specialists. Business managers should have a general insight in the whole organizational business and environment. They a re expected to be more focused on strategy version. Here, HRM responsibilities are shared by line managers and HR specialists as well. The last types of line managers- sales managers, Storey have not got clear findings yet. The role of line mangers in HRM Much literature noted that the involvement of line managers in human resource management (HRM) has been a heated issue in the past few years (Guest, 1987, Storey, 1992), and HR work are partly devolved to line mangers in practice. The reasons of line managers involvement in HRM have been concluded by Brewster and Larsens research (2000) in five aspects: â€Å"to reduce cost; to provide a comprehensive approach to HRM; to place responsibility for HRM with managers most responsible for it, to speed up decision making; and as an alternative to outsourcing HR function. (Brewster and Larsen, 2000, p 196-198) The relationship between line managers and HR specialists is probably clarified as â€Å"partnership† in much literature. And a popular view is that line managers should be engaged in particular HR practice, cooperating with HR practitioners. Results from CIPDs research indicated that HR specialist is more likely to cooperate with HR specialist in resourcing, training and development but undertake alone in employee relations and reward management. (CIPD 2006) Furthermore, whats the particular work line managers should be responsible for? From Marchington and Wilkinson‘s point of view, the major responsibilities of line managers are: â€Å"leading team briefings, problem-solving groups and informal communications; performance review; team/staff development; managing employee absence.† And the shared responsibilities are â€Å"selection decisions; induction and ongoing training; disciplinary cases; flexible working patterns.† Lastly, the little responsibiliti es are: â€Å"performance-related pay; recruitment advertising, applications and initial search; promotions welfare; organization development.† However, although line managers have always been engaging in some specific HR work, they have been criticized by many researcher and HR managers for less effective performance than they expected. Thus, in the next section, an examples and case were illustrated to analyze these drawbacks from training, appraisal performance, EIPï ¼Å'recruitment and selection, theoretically and practically. Methodology In the next section, the weakness of line managers in implementing best HR practice and strategy will be discussed from many literatures and the results of interviews with line managers on their own experience in undertaking HR work, which is conducted by Douglas Renwick (2002). The research was done in three organizations in UK-Utility Co, Local Authority, Manufacturing Co. All three organizations distribute part of HR work to line managers, â€Å"appraisal performance, recruitment, communication with employees, sickness absence, and employee development.† A qualitative method was used to analysis interview resources. Some useful findings from the in case study are: â€Å"the line have many duties, and lack time to do HR work well; doing HR work diluted the lines generalist managerial focuses; significant line inadequacies in handling HR work; tensions between HR and line over transfer and completion of HR duties; the line are reliant on HR to do HR work properly.†(Dou glas Renwick 2002 p 271-272) Combined with these findings, if we look at more literatures, some explanations for criticisms of line managers in the delivery of HR practice can be summarized. (Below) Lack of competences Many researchers indicated that line managers dont have adequate competence and professional knowledge to implement HR activities if they dont receive supports and advice from HR specialists. Douglas Renwicks researchï ¼Ë†2002ï ¼â€° typically pointed out that: â€Å"significant line inadequacies in handling HR work† Thus, the line sometimes lacked the skills and abilities to do HR work but they still want to speed up decision making. The ineffectiveness of delivery is likely to emerge. Therefore, it is accepted by most line managers that they need proactive support from HR specialists. In Hiltons case study (Maxwell and Watsonï ¼Å'2006)ï ¼Å'Maxwell and Watson indicated that HR specialists in Hilton provided large support to line managers on training, coaching, recruitment and retention; staff budgeting; performance appraisals. Competing priorities Many line managers fell that they dont have enough time and effort to undertake HR activities when they are responsible for their own business jobs. Compared with their HRM responsibility, they are more likely to consider their own duties first. Using Hiltons study again, 86% line managers feel that they are enduring â€Å"heavy workload† while 78% think they have â€Å"short term job pressures.† (Maxwell and Watsonï ¼Å'2006). And Douglas Renwicks interview has similar findings. (2002) â€Å"line managers inadequacy in HRM was sometime to lead to problems when they are doing HR work.† As a line managers said in the interview (Douglas Renwick, 2002 p 269): â€Å"Quite often the manager doesnt have the time to deal with the problem and hes maybe unaware of it. And some managers are strong characters and give staff a hard time.† If we look at certain HR practice, Redmans findings (2001) showed that line managers dont like some HR activities, for example, in performance management; they think it is time consuming. Tension and conflict with HR specialist When HR specialists hold different views with line managers about the responsibility of specific HR practice, tension and conflicts would be emerged. For example, in terms of recruitment, many line managers think that recruiting an excellent employee is HR departments business, while HR practitioners think Line manager should take more responsibility because they understand clearly what kind of employees are truly needed. Thus, unclear boundaries of responsibility in particular HR practice may lead to conflict and reduce the effectiveness. Furthermore, different reorganization about the importance of particular HR work between the two groups also may result in tension and conflict. Finally, as performers of HR policy, most of line managers feel that some HR policies are unrealistic and hard to apply it into practice. According to Douglas Renwicks study, â€Å"line managers thought problems in HR policy lead to poor outcomes in HRM†. As some managers from UK-Utility Co, Local Authority, and Manufacturing Co said: â€Å"This is a HR initiative from corporate HR, but something is wrong. You should be developed now.† â€Å"If you really fall out- you try to give them a doing and it depends how well you defend themselves† (Douglas Renwick,2002, p.272) Disdain for HR practice Bevan and Hayday(1994) found that some lime managers are not clear about their responsibility and role in HRM. Many line managers think that a specialist qualification in HRM is not necessary because they believe that these skills and competence are gained from practical work and experience, not from training and development. Some line managers are even dont believe that HRM can make contribution to organization performance. Hayman and Cunningham (1995) confirmed that there was a lack of training and development among line managers even they realize the weakness. In a small organization in which lack of HR specialist, HR work are usually implemented by line managers who may dont posses any relevant knowledge. But in many cases, the organization still runs well because line managers only focus on routine and easy HR practice, such as regular pay, sickness absence, data collection, payroll management and simple appraisal management. Line managers can do this kind of work easily and well. But situations are totally opposite in a big organization. Operational system and people management are much more systematic. HR presence is essential as they can afford professional advice for line mangers. Whats more important, line managers as performers of HR practice need to handle much more complicated HR affairs than that of small organization. For example, in terms of recruitment, many big organizations adopt professional staff evaluation method, such as assessment centre, which need relevant knowledge and training to make full use of these appraisal me thods. Hence, line managers disdain for HR training and development inevitable is regarded as an evidence of line managers inadequacy in HR implementation. What line managers should do? Though line managers are recognized as a weak link in converting HR policy and strategy into practice, we could not deny their contribution and influence to HRM if the delivery of devolution of HR practice is effective. What should line managers do to enhance their contribution to HRM? First, from the view of line managers, a new perspective of HRM should be established. They need to realize their responsibility and role in HR work deeply. Also, they have to admit that HR work is kind of professional job and requires relevant knowledge and skills. A useful way to test to what extent line managers emphasis on HR work is establishing an effective appraisal management system. Secondly, I think HR training and development system are very crucial for line managers. High quality of skills to handle interview, staff management and a series of HR work can be developed through training and development. In fact, more and more companies are aware of the importance of HR training for line mangers. For example, in order to support line managers to undertake HR issues, MarksSpencer created an e-learning system, called Line Manager Performance Centre, which is a flexible and creative training system for line managers. The result of feedback from line managers showed that 88% line mangers feel this training improved their knowledge and skills in HRM. And 72% think the training improved employee commitment. Another case in point is Searle, a pharmaceutical company in America, in order to change precious unsuccessful training, they carried out an systematic training program, which include needs analysis; line managers fully engagement in training; financial support; pro fessional training in specific field, appraisal, etc. The result is satisfactory; employees course satisfaction was increased from 82.5% to 87%. Except practical work like conducting an interview, absence management, appraisal, etc, focus on employee involvement and engagement does have positive effects. The LMX theory also proposed that a good relationship between employees and their line managers can increase employee outcome and performance. Line managers should held informal meetings with employees to listen to their suggestions and take care of their work-life balance. These small changes can improve their commitment to the organization. Finally, learning to use information technology has been promoted by many HR specialists. Line managers are required to be trained to use information technology in conducting absence management, personnel records which can greatly increase work efficiency. Conclusion Line managers are playing a very important role in human resource management. Their responsibility and performance in HR work have large impact on organization effectiveness. The relationship between line managers and HR specialists is defined as â€Å"partnership†. But much literature argued that line managers are the weak link in the implementation of HR activities. The reasons are analyzed from four aspects: Lack of competences, competing priorities, tension and conflict with HR specialist, disdain for HR practice. To strengthen line managers contribution to HRM, we proposed three suggestions: establishing a correct perception of HR work, emphasis on training and development, adopting the use of information technology. Reference 1. Logan, H., on line and staff: an obsolete concept of personnel. 1966 2. Stewart, R., The reality of managementï ¼Å'Pan, London,1963 3. Storey, J., developments in the management of human resource, Blackwell, Oxford, 1992 4. Hope-Hailey V, Farndale E and Truss C (2005), ‘The HR departments role in organisational performance, Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), pp49-66 5. Purcell, J. and Hutchinson, S. (2007), ‘Front-line managers as agents in the HRM-performance causal chain: theory, analysis and evidence, Human Resource Management Journal, 17(1), pp 3-20 6. Noreen Heraty and Michael Morley, ‘ Line managers and human resource manage net, Journal of European industrial training,19(10), pp 31-36 7. McGovern et al., ‘Human resource management on line? Human Resource Management Journal, 7(4), pp 12-29 8. Whittaker S. and Marchington M. (2003), ‘Devolving HR responsibility to the line: threat, opportunity or partnership, Employee Relations, 25, 3, pp245-61 9. Currie G. and Procter S. (2001), ‘Exploring the relationship between HR and middle managers, Human Resource Management Journal, 11, 3, pp53-69 10. Perry, E. and Kulik, C. (2008), ‘The devolution of HR to the line: implications for perceptions of people management effectiveness, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, 2, pp262-73 11. Douglas Renwick, ‘ Line manager involvement in HRM: an inside view, Employee relations, 25(3), 2002, pp 262-280 12. G. Maxwell* and S. Watson, ‘Perspectives on Line Managers in Human Resource Management: Hilton Internationals UK Hotels, 13. Marchington M. and Wilkinson A. (2008) op cit, pp 200-210 14. Susan w. and Marchington M, ‘Devolving HR responsibility to the line: threat, opportunity or partnership, Employee relations, 2002, pp 245-261 15. Adrian Thornhill and Mark N.K. Saunders. ‘What if line managers dont realize theyre responsible for HR, Personnel Review, 1998, pp 460-476 16. http://www.kineo.com/case-studies/line-managers.html 17. Nicola Mindell, Case studies: Developing training and development to line mangers. Management Development Review, 1995

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Russian Revolution :: essays research papers

Russian Revolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Russian Revolution did not happen overnight, and there were different stages that took place. There are so many small things that fit in to the bigger picture it is hard to put where and how the Russian Revolution started and ended. Russia was run backwards compared to all other countries in Western Europe. The peasants working and living conditions were very bad. The government badly wanted to industrialize in urban areas. For the government to do this they needed money, they got this money by taxing the peasantry. In 1905 is the beginning of the revolution was more rioting behavior than revolutionary behavior by the peasantry. In October of 1917 the Russian revolution turned in to a coup d’à ©tat when the Bolsheviks took power. The Russian Revolution was not a revolution of the proletariat but a coup d’à ©tat .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  January 22, 1905, commonly known as Bloody Sunday, was the beginning of the Russian Revolution. â€Å"Father Gapon led a group of demonstrators to bring economic grievances to the tsar. Police fired upon the demonstrators as they approached the Winter Palace.†(Outline, 2) The revolution started with a priest leading demonstrators to the Winter Palace, not the working class or the peasantry. The peasants living conditions were bad, and the government was making the situation worse by taxing harshly. â€Å"The urban revolution of 1905 stimulated the most serious peasant uprising since the Pugachev revolt in the late eighteenth century. Peasant rioting consisted of the sacking and burning of manor houses and attacks on landowners and officials.†(Fitzpatrick, 34) The peasantry was showing signs of rioting behavior, but not revolutionary change. During October of 1905 the Tsar Nicholas the II agreed to an elected parliament called the Duma. The Duma was given very limited powers that would not be able to make much change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The revolution of February and October were a coup d’à ©tat. Just like the first revolution of 1905 it was seen by some to have a proletariat base. Women wanted to find and end to the Great War to bring their husband’s home. â€Å"Seven million men were under arms at the beginning of 1917, with two million in the reserve. To the soldiers, the February Revolution was an implicit promise that the war would soon end, and they waited impatiently for the provisional government to achieve this.†(Fitzpatrick, 52) The men in the Russian Army had suffered many losses and wanted out of the war.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Ambition & Emotions

Dr. Faustus stands at the onset of the Renaissance period and the dawn of the middle ages as he contemplates the religious drama of his time. Indeed, during those medieval times, the understanding of heaven and hell was not far removed from the conceptual understanding of the occult. The play is lined with supernatural beings, angels and demons, which might have stepped onstage to clarify a major ambition in the medieval ages, the fervent pursuit of salvation. Indeed, this type of ambition is contrasted very well in the play Dr. Faustus, by the onset of the Renaissance period and the ambitions it provides.A quick overview of the Renaissance period shows that it was also the Age of Discovery; word has just reached Europe of the existence of exotic places in the ‘New World’. This Age of Discovery is responsible for the change in focus of ambitions from the ‘otherworldly’ of the medieval ages, to the more familiar ‘worldly’ ambitions of our times. We see Faustus, although moving to embrace worldly ambitions beset by mullings of the other world. For example he asks the demon Mephistopheles, FIRST WILL I QUESTION WITH THEE ABOUT HELL. TELL ME, WHERE IS THE PLACE THAT MEN CALL HELL (5.120–135) And later, after being given an explanation, he says, COME, I THINK HELL'S A FABLE. (5. 120–135) In fact these arguments seem to capture well the transition between the middle Ages and the Renaissance period since no neat dividing line exists. As Dr. Faustus encourages his ambition to focus on the opportunities presented by this so-called Age of discovery. His single-minded concern is with luxurious silk gowns and powerful war-machines than with saving his soul. This contrast between wealth and salvation must be understood from the standpoint that Dr.Faustus intends to acquire such wealth through an ambitious carrer5 in necromancy. Indeed, black magic seems to him as the only career that can match the scope of his ambition, t he subject that can challenge his enormous intellect. Being a scholar, he has mastered the major professions of his time. Specifically he claims to have mastered Law, medicine and theology, and he finds them all dissatisfying. Dr. Faustus finds that his huge ambitions have seemingly met their match as he ponders to dig deeper into necromancy. Faustus is full of ideas for how to use the power that he seeks.He imagines piling up great wealth, but he also aspires to plumb the mysteries of the universe and to remake the map of Europe. Though they may not be entirely admirable, these plans are ambitious and inspire awe, if not sympathy. They lend a grandeur to Faustus’s schemes and make his quest for personal power seem almost heroic, a sense that is reinforced by the eloquence of his early soliloquies. Ironically, Faustus’s ambition seems to sap as he realizes the initial goal of his ambitions, to master the dark powers of black magic.This is depicted from the way he speed ily narrows his horizons once he actually gains the practically limitless power that he so desires. Now that he realizes that everything is possible to him, he trashes the grand designs that he had contemplated early on, contending himself with performing conjuring tricks for kings and noblemen and taking a strange delight in using his magic to play practical jokes on simple folks. Strange as it may seem, the realization of Faustus’s ambition makes him mediocre rather than elevating him to higher levels of grandeur.The question begs; does power corrupt Faustus or is it through power that Faustus becomes mediocre? This is because Faustus’s behavior after he sells his soul hardly rises to the level of true wickedness. Rather, gaining absolute power corrupts Faustus by making him mediocre and by transforming his boundless ambition into a meaningless delight in petty celebrity. Indeed this is a paradox since at the beginning of the play; Dr. Faustus seeks to gain more grea tness from the realization of an insatiable taste to rise above manly standards of achievement.Yet, as he gains the goal, he seems to sink lower than the basest man. Could we say that he should have been content with quelling his ambitious flames, as the medieval times’ logic seemed to encourage? Saying so will mean he learns to live with his dissatisfying and unfulfilled life, which only opens the door to more emptiness in life. Extrapolating from the fore going leads us to believe that such an ambitionless lifestyle will lead him to the very state that he is now at the end of fulfilling his quest, only he would have reached there quicker than after twenty four or so years.This state is of course, the state of being mediocre. From the fore going, it appears to me that it will be misguided to believe that Faustus is a villain. I believe that it is fitting to view him as a tragic hero, a protagonist whose character flaws lead to his downfall. THESE METAPHYSICS OF MAGICIANS, AN D NECROMANTIC BOOKS ARE HEAVENLY! (1. 40–50) This is because, even from the above quote, the logic he uses to reject religion is flawed, since it leads him to use his ambition in diabolical pursuits.This plays out slowly because initially, in Faustus’s long speech after the two angels have whispered in his ears, his rhetoric outlines the modern quest for control over nature (albeit through magic rather than through science) in glowing, inspiring language. He offers a long list of impressive goals, including the acquisition of knowledge, wealth, and political power, which he believes he will achieve once he has mastered the dark arts. These are indeed impressive ambitions that inspire wonder, to say the least. However, the actual uses to which he puts his magical powers are disappointing and tawdry.Furthermore, Faustus goes on to exhibit blindness quite unlike a man of knowledge. This blindness serves as one of his defining characteristics throughout the play, and is ar guably inspired by his ambition. He chooses to see the world, as he wants to see it rather than as it is. This shunning of reality is symbolized by his insistence that Mephistopheles, who is presumably hideous, reappear as a Franciscan friar so that he may not be terrified by the devil’s true shape [as depicted by Mephistopheles’ appearance]. Faustus even ignores Mephistopheles’ urgings to him to abandon his â€Å"frivolous demands† (3. 81).It is important to note that this so-called blind ambition of Faustus had catastrophic results. The height of which led Faustus not to even realize that he had reached the limits of his quest for knowledge. In scene six, we see the limits of the demonic gifts that Faustus has been given begin to emerge. He is given the gift of knowledge, and Mephistopheles willingly tells him the secrets of astronomy, but when Faustus asks who created the world, Mephistopheles refuses to answer. Faustus does not realize that this is th e first occasion that the demon has been unable to divulge to him the knowledge he so dearly aspires to gain.I believe that if faustus had not been blindly ambitious but kept his head as he did when he mastered the knowledge of Law, Theology and Medicine, then his ambition would have led him to the following realization: that all the worldly knowledge that he has so strongly desired points inexorably upward, toward God. As it is, of course, he is completely detached from God to the point of being an atheist. This detachment started awhile back when he misread the New Testament to say that anyone who sins will be damned eternally—ignoring the verses that offer the hope of repentance.Even when he sees Lucifer, Beelzebub, and Mephistopheles appear to him and becomes suddenly afraid exclaiming, â€Å"O Faustus, they are come to fetch thy soul! † (5. 264), Faustus still decides against repenting. This behavior is attributed to the bad angel and Mephistopheles who makes him believe that it is already too late for him, a conviction that persists throughout the play. This fact is seen at the end of his days when he says, SWEET HELEN, MAKE ME IMMORTAL WITH A KISS: HER LIPS SUCKS FORTH MY SOUL, SEE WHERE IT FLIES! (12. 81–87) At this point, he has realized the terrible nature of the bargain he has made.Despite his sense of foreboding, Faustus enjoys his powers, as the delight he takes in conjuring up Helen makes clear. Faustus continues to display the same blind spots and wishful thinking in that he seeks heavenly grace in Helen’s lips, which can, at best, offer only earthly pleasure. â€Å"Make me immortal with a kiss,† he cries, even as he continues to keep his back turned to his only hope for escaping damnation namely, repentance. In conclusion, Scholar R. M. Dawkins famously remarked that Doctor Faustus tells â€Å"the story of a Renaissance man who had to pay the medieval price for being one.† While slightly simplistic, thi s quotation does get at the heart of one of the play’s central themes: the clash between the medieval world and the world of the emerging Renaissance. To Faustus, his ambitions for power worked as a corrupting influence to him so that although early in the play, before he agrees to the pact with Lucifer, Faustus is full of ideas of how to use the power that he seeks, he later uses this limitless power to achieve rather vain exploits and finally earn himself eternal damnation References: http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/doctorfaustus/themes. html

Friday, November 8, 2019

Real World Marketing with a Focus on Promotion

Real World Marketing with a Focus on Promotion Outline Broader issues of the lighthouse identity B2C and B2B marketing communications The customer is the king Real world marketing with a focus on promotion Broader issues of the lighthouse identity Lighthouse identity is recognized as a vital credo in Morgan’s four stages, in the journey of a challenger. There are several broader issues to consider when considering the Lighthouse Identity. A challenger brand is not successful in a mature classification, because it is more trustworthy or convenient.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Real World Marketing with a Focus on Promotion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the contrary, it is successful because it delivers an emotional brand or relationship, to the extent that the Establishment brand never matches. This implies that the consumer’s emotions are realigned. It is imperative that the challenger brand has an emotionally- based and stronger link wit h the consumer, as opposed to the Brand leader (Duncan Moriarty, 1998: 12). It is worth mentioning that a Lighthouse Identity not only defines the brand, but also the business that the brand belongs to. In mature brands, a brand’s planning role is adding, as well as extracting value. Being a Challenger, success is achieved through having a clear sense of what and who you are as a business/ brand, and why. Consequently, the identity should be projected saliently, consistently, and intensely, just like a lighthouse (Chen Xie, 2008: 486). This is aimed at ensuring that the consumer notices them, although they may not have been looking out for them. Irrespective of the fact that goods have always been considered as a way of communicating, the present brands are more than goods. They are more than a communication form, and are navigation. Brand leaders should treat communication publicity and ideas as assets, which are high- leveraged (Duncan Moriarty, 1998: 9). Moreover, they should maintain this notion within the company. Over- commitment means considering barriers and focusing on avoiding them prior to their occurrence. To achieve over- commitment, it is crucial to identify irrefutable causes of failure in core marketing tasks. Consequently, there should be brainstorming on the most effective ways to reverse or neutralize the failures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More B2C and B2B marketing communications B2B (Business- to- Business) and B2C (Business- to- Consumer) are commercial transaction forms. B2C involves the consumers buying products directly. On the other hand, in B2B, services and products are sold to other businesses. Purchasing Process: in B2B buying, there is an extremely complex purchasing process. This is because business purchasers buy services and products for use within the company (Ray, 1973: 160). On the other hand, consumers purchase services and products meant for individual use. In B2B, professionals from various departments are involved in decision making. Payment: in B2C, all the customers pay similar prices for products bought. In B2B, prices are different and depend on the customer. Customers who negotiate or place enormous orders are treated differently from other customers. There are also varying payment mechanisms. Transactions: in B2C transactions, customers choose products, which they pay for at the POS (Point of Sale) through various payment mechanisms. B2B transactions need an extremely complicated business system. Consumers use agreed logistic channels to carry out their transactions. Customers get an invoice which is settled within the agreed payment terms, as opposed to the delivery time (Morgan, 2009). B2B is associated with several advantages, especially in the advent of the internet. These advantages include increased awareness of businesses, as well as their services or pro ducts. Second, there is better interaction where marketers interact directly with customers through the website or email marketing. Particularly, the internet offers information and awareness, which results to better service. In B2B, there is a benefit of refined messaging, since through the internet, marketers can acquire information about their consumers (Chen Xie, 2008: 486). Marcoms reaps these benefits by using B2B marketing communication. Considering the financial hard times, Morgan’s challenger theory is relevant to the pragmatic and tough B2B world. The Customer is the King All marketers agree that the customer is the king. However, Morgan advises that there is a need to progress to the consequent stage after the business becomes a big fish. This implies that the customer is no longer accorded keen interest. This is a key strategy, as opposed to a mistake (Ray, 1973: 150). It is worth mentioning that brand leaders are not just big, nor do they enjoy proportionately b igger benefits.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Real World Marketing with a Focus on Promotion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consumer awareness: consumers never purchase a brand they are unfamiliar with. The marketer’s assumption is that there is a connection between ‘spontaneous’ and ‘top of mind’ awareness, when there is quasi- exponential relationship. In cases where the brand rings in the mind first (‘top of mind’ awareness), the result is a multiple ‘spontaneous’ rise. There is also the aspect of shopping, loyalty, and purchase. The voice’s share in comparison to the footfall share appears the same to everybody apart from the brand leader, who experiences a much greater footfall. This is even in cases where he is supported by comparatively low voice. Double jeopardy of brands is modelled and observed for more than thirty five years across vari ous cultures and markets. In such cases, the brand leader experiences greater penetration together with consumers, who purchase the brand more often. The key impact is profitability; the brand leaders make more profit than anyone else. Real World Marketing with a Focus on Promotion Marcoms drivel can best be prevented through utilising real marketing executives who are practical, solid, and down- to- earth. Moreover, the marketing executives should possess an eye for promotion. It is imperative that promotional messages tell a story, and that the ideas stick in consumers’ minds. There is immense power in promotional advertising. Presently, promotional products are positioned as components of the promotional purchaser’s communication mix, and not as pure products. It is imperative that marketing executives focus on promotion because as a result of the unique nature, these products are used and kept, resulting to voluntary repeated retention, recognition, and exposure of the advertisers’ message and name. In this regard, marketing executives should target the audience specifically, so as to ensure effective promotional products (Morgan, 2009). Moreover, they should select items keenly to ensure they are appealing to customers, have a positive response, and that waste distribution is eliminated. Exceptional marketing executives possess excellent communication skills. These include excellent oral and written communication skills. Communication is an extremely vital connection between customer service, sales, production, and management.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing executives should possess the necessary skills to ensure that they identify their clients’ needs, and meet them in a timely manner (Chen Xie, 2008: 486). Effective promotion and marketing using the promotional and marketing mixes ensures a greater market share for the company, and satisfaction of the client’s needs. The marketing executive should be aggressive enough and engage in marketing plans, market conditions, and assess customer research. They should collaborate with other professionals in determining services and products demand. Marketing executives are principally involved in marketing the company, and they should be exceptionally aggressive. References Chen, Y Xie, J 2008, â€Å"Online consumer review: Word-of-mouth as a new element of marketing communication mix†, Management Science, vol. 54 no. 3, pp. 477-491. Duncan, T Moriarty, S. E 1998, â€Å"A communication-based marketing model for managing relationships†, The Journal of ma rketing, pp. 1-13. Morgan, A 2009, Eating the Big Fish: how challenger brands can compete against brand leaders, New Jersey, Wiley. Ray, M. L 1973, â€Å"Marketing communication and the hierarchy of effects†, New models for communication research, pp. 146-175.