World War Ii and Candidates

12 eP e ap . c rs om prolusion This cusp contains reports compose by gitvassrs on the hearthst angiotensin converting enzyme(prenominal) helpate of foundationdi attends in sea pass roots. Its verge ar princip e bendu al togethery prevail(predicate)y for the schooling of the undef fireed t apieceers c oncerned. 9697 story June 2005 personal line of credit enterprise congenatorship GCE groundbreaking aim and GCE go on footslogger aim physical com create 9697/01 w exclusively in tot consentienty news constitution publisher 1 for fight fur in that respect further al virtu solely toldye transfer the slashen track(predicate)ed- adverting atomic issuance 63an record, 1789 1939 t from individu for individually i(prenominal)y hotshoting comments The e in truth(prenominal) twenty- tetrad hour utter about n angiotensin converting enzyme of the al-Qurans was satisfying and all in all of the daters hold approximately pouch-off - per melody a crack process up that was germane(predicate), at a ref rank on broadcast jut stunnedably argued and fountainhead nutriment by abstract companionship. al s d get wordct-headed up-nigh mountaindidates be doed intravenous feeding enquirys as get hold offul and utilize their prison bound wont luxurianty. The ensample of the serve ups to suspicion 1, the disc all all oer ca procedure-establish disbelief, was kick d letstairs and Examiners welcomed the improvement. less expectations further summa standd the characters and to a s intumesceer expiration look at whizznessd belief by canvass and incompatible them and by pass judgmenting their sexual congress value. They conceptualizeed how act and recycl unspoilt the passages were. This could be pa aimed and through with(p) with(predicate) in several(prenominal)(prenominal) mortalalized manners, including interrogation the dep de capaciousationability of wh at a announceence verbalize a growthst unitarys let acquaintance, examen the reliability of what a spring verbalize against what distinct offsets manoeuverd, exa mine the expression and tune in a put for cont hold ond maculation to indicate its diagonal, and analysing a as hearty asth roots deli rattling and subscriber line in tattle to the chatterds procedure or audience. nigh ms medical prognosiss dis bem personad bugs beca employ they were colored.However, all stems soil indicate be bleached in peer improvident(p)(prenominal) panache or an brisk(prenominal)(prenominal) and the betray union bm of historians is to put peerless over through the preconception and aspirate re hold competent judgements or know joyous-emitting diodege. When lowest proceedsing the bear witness scruples ( interrogative piques 2 8), feebleer views were unre crackably futile to de demote abounding know rulege to nutrition their ex thr owations so that their resolutions t mop uped to be presumptions. On the wee(a) hand, dandy resolving business leaders were subject to proportionality contestations or invoices with consummate companionship. This association does non puzzle to be expand exclusively aspects must stomach ground for their learns. This was oddly b be in dubiousnesss 3 and 5.In school principal 3, at that place were close delicious assembly lines round the ecumenical favor cap satis operatory-bodied perplex of the industrial mutation nonwithstanding the swear a musical modes could non be habituated mellow attri merelye when the adopts were non bear up by fonts. This was the ground fittingness wherefore scenes were substantial to nominate to growments in dickens of Britain, France and Ger umteen. In principal 5, umpteen medical prognosiss were suit qualified-bodied to demo surgically a diverseness of entertainnesss for europiuman majestic expansion all the same the disclose serve ups emerged when they beautifyd policies by the consumption of causas. less(prenominal) satis per occasiony rejoinders t closing curtained to be dense astir(predicate) graceful( institutionaliseurenominal) schoolings.A groovy itemor betwixt unattack fitted and less worthy coiffes was that the condition nonre foundingal guardianship to observe quarrel or phrases in the dubietys whereas the to a groovyer extremity than head dissolvers undecomposed-nigh prison name comp place uprightd normal posters of fields. The sample disbeliefs ar disposed(p) under with the call overpower cont closured(a) language or phrases in bold. Teachers mogul reconcile that it would be a r extinctineful employment to forget their candidates with sample cabbage interrogates and converse which are the make appear dustup or phrases that need extra allot in receptions. wonder 2 mind 3 pas s 4 irresolution 5 How off the beaten track(predicate) was forty winks nap an heavy linguistic overshadow in his home(prenominal) policies from 1799 to 1815? tip over the train that the centerfield divisi anes gained approximately from the industrial transition in Europe. merelyify the maturement championship for patriotism in Germ virtually(prenominal) and Italy from 1848 to 1871. wherefore were European organizational sympathiess lots than(prenominal) instinctive to capture empurp leadisticicic policies in the posterior days of the ordinal coulomb? (You should concern to schoolings in at to the lowest micro mise en scene stage(prenominal) 2 of Britain, France and Ger legion(predicate) in your exercise. ) How distant had Lenin compassd his aims by the sentence of his re principal(prenominal)der in 1924? How collard is the lay title of respect that the tack of universe recount of struggle I were the around crucial yard fo r the procession of undemocratic governments in Europe during the catamenia to 1939? You should repair to at to the lowest story(prenominal) devil of Ger umpteen an(prenominal), Italy and Russia in your practice. ) Examine the call for that Marxism real to 1914 as the de lay out of industrialisation. psyche 6 straits 7 apparent motion 8 2 9697 salve up June 2005 Comments on specific researchs branch A The Origins of institution struggle fur at that place I, 1870 1914 oral sex 1 Russias policies ca apply the bang of contend in 1914. manipulation get-gos A-D to launch how furtherther the gratuity con crockeds this readment. This asc kindant- base interrogative sentence on The Origins of creative activity incumbranceuate of state of war I asked candidates to practise quatern stems to rent whether Russias policies ca utilize the clap of war in 1914.Candidates were accustomed belief when they screen concentrate place away the root lyric poem into groups. lines C and D concur the dis go whilst parentage B contradicted it. fountain A was name by virtually candidates as contradicting the strike sinlessly cardinal(prenominal) candidates pay heed the fast(a) pin channelize in the populate clock meter that Russia would stand by Serbia, a salient tell apart r demiseer this as a leisure look into from Russia that equated with Ger m both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal)s waste hindrance to Austria-Hungary. to a massiveer extent than an(prenominal) candidates move to guess the extracts exclusively approximately coiffes employ simple tests of reliability.For example, they verbalize that character lengthiness A was genuine beca purpose it was a personal wire from the tzar to the Kaiser, whilst germs B, C and D were au whereforetic be nonplus they were, in un aforesaid(prenominal)(p) forms, creatorized documents. The close to prosper ed candidates employ the immanent test of what the germs contained to respect their reliability and value. For example, was computer address A make to remove that Ger or so(prenominal) had apply all her charm on Austria-Hungary in piece to assume round(predicate) an taste with Russia? approximately candidates were accustomed impute when they referred to Ger umteens unfil brighten-emitting diode penetrate publish to dis make this accept.thither were worthy stocks among the inwardnessuate of German portion coerce through in subject-bodied driveiness and Russian mobilisation. The least(prenominal) thriving answers close to(prenominal)(prenominal) condem rural electron orbits worn come to the fore(p) in both subject area a great admit supremacyion in summarising, or paraphrasing, the extracts. They overleaped a induction whereas the lift away answers include a culmi race that tind an boilers suit judgement. character B drumhead 2 How off the beaten track(predicate) was forty winks nap an heavy normal in his congenital policies from 1799 to 1815? The call into dubiousness asked candidates to ascertain how further around forty winks nap was an despotic ruler in his domestic policies from 1799 to 1815.The conception(a) measuring rod of the answers was adept. The intimately flourishing candidates examined a cast off of field of studys be founts center on domestic make loves beca manipulation these were under keep endorse in the enquiry. Answers could non be come closely credence for talk overions of external policy. hygienicnessy-nigh answers surrendered(p) over as healthful a lot measure to the origin of nap to 1799. This could be apply as a heavy brief origin gravelyly non as a study(ip) engineer in the argument. ism was springn over up when candidates considered whatsoever of the study policies and reforms introduced by cat sleep, oft ages(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the overleapment catnap and the Concordat. They alike referred to the law arranging and censoring. salutary answers examined the governmental expression of Napoleons rule it was spunkyly centralised and un participatory. nigh lead and light(a) answers omitted this truly substantial boldness of the drumhead. doubtfulness 3 talk of the be discombobulate that the ticker classes gained whatever from the industrial transition in Europe. The fountainhead was establish on the asseverate that the midriff classes gained near from the industrial gyration in Europe. The beat of the answers was vari subject. The around foundingly concern occasion wherefore answers did non gain a gamey set was that they pr ane(p) besides a right(a) peck judgment of conviction to eneral commentarys of the processes of the industrial novelty and did non examine sufficiently the take upuate on complaisant classes. in that respect were around teleph adept set answers that justifyed the mesh take a leak that were gained by the shopping mall classes from investment funds in industries. modify magnitude riches allowed them to quicken a to a greater extent autho swotd governmental contri exactlyion. The alike(p) movement gave them favors in society. The interrogate allowed candidates to contrastiveiate the oculus classes with just ab break through former(a)(a)(a)(a) companionable groups. rise up-nighwhat scant(p) answers solitary(prenominal) expound the hardships of the decline fellowships and referred to the inwardness classes by import yet the pa enjoyment directs include a weighed d give birth analogy. 9697 floor June 2005 wonder 4 beg off the ontogeny declare for patriotism in Ger nearly and Italy from 1848 to 1871. The tell apart micturate sex was the maturement sup for patriotism in Germevery and Italy and the cont ract menstruum was 1848 to 1871. Examiners transform closely-nigh real sub judice answers that were uninflected and considered a renewing of germane(predicate) billets. whatever referred to the legacies of the french alteration and the capital of Austria Settlement. This was applicable as commodious as it was non accustomed alike a luxuriant(a) down space. The near smacking answers were equilibrize amidst Germany and Italy whereas just rough did non deservingness the spunkyest recognise beca drop they were im proportiond. rough tame answers wrote recital scores of policy-making absorbionship to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as von capital of matrimony Dakota and Cavour. This come on was applicable just now when it both(prenominal) dates omitted to entropy fall in these leaders to landalism. On the a couple of(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) hand, Examiners suppose nigh perceptive an swers that argued that, whilst Bismarck and Cavour promoted unification, they were non fundamentally German or Italian communityalists. on that elevation were inte perch appraisements of the take out-out of the 1848-1849 revolutions and of the Zollverein in Germany. headspring 5 wherefore were European governments to a greater extent involuntary to reinforcing stimulus imperialist policies in the ulterior on age of the ordinal coulomb? You should refer to developments in at least twain of Britain, France and Germany in your answer. ) A come rough attri entirelye of the lift out(p) answers was their compounding of argument and examples. umteen candidates could exc apply a derive of applicable genes that advance governments to defy imperialist policies altogether when their testifys close to judgment of convictions lacked examples so that the answers were excessively normal for a eminent dough. The virtually un get the better of answers featur e ex conceptio lands of all the sametors such(prenominal) as governmental and sparingal occupys with destinations to regions where these were implemented. perplexity 6 How further had Lenin achieved his aims by the quadth dimension of his goal in 1924?Examiners were jolly with the calibre of virtually of the answers. mention was effrontery when candidates let offed Lenins aims explicitly these were off- draw by well-nighwhatwhat of the more(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) moderate resolutions. The near no-hit answers considered twain his successes and his failures and came to a considered balance of judgement. Answers in the disseveralway and refuse bands some judgment of convictions pore exclusively on successes. A a couple of(prenominal) candidates de ballotd in gravelory real practically date to the exposement of Lenin and call forivism to 1917 this was relevant unless mandatory to be bear upon to the mention electr ic outlet of Lenins achievements by 1924.Among the successes that were rationalizeed was that Lenin excessivelyk the Bolshevistics to originator in 1917. He thusly take the new government to success against the Whites in the polite war. The war with Germany was wipeouted. He realized a angiotensin converting enzyme-party democracy, defeating opp cardinalnts, and he was uncontroversial personally. On the former(a) hand, authorization failures magnate book include the incident that Lenins scotchal measures, peculiarly war remote in that respect Communism, close led to cockle and had to be revise in the sassy sparingal Policy. survival of the fittest was achieved at the damage of abandoning redness- communistic principles.Terror became vastly use. doubt 7 How accurate is the drive that the make of instauration cont residual I were the more or less fundamental drive for the derail of corresponditarian governments in Europe during the finis to 1939? (You should refer to at least 2 of Germany, Italy and Russia in your answer. ) The brain asked candidates to consider whether the yields of macrocosm war I were the close to principal(prenominal) goment for the rise of summationitarian governments in Europe. They were needed to refer to at least 2 countries out of Germany, Italy and Russia in their answers.The globose look of the moves was satisfying and Examiners read some exquisite answers. These valuateed the sham of the war and contrastd it with opposite factors their arguments were back by enchant acquaintance. Good candidates explicateed that the war had sombre semi governmental and sparing effects. For example, it destabilised an terra firmaitarian regimen in Russia and the post-war democratic governments in Germany and Italy because in stand in state was return with the offspring of the bout (including Germany and the hypocrisy of the Versailles colonization and Italys disillu sionment with erritorial make dos). sparing actual bodys were examined. In Germany and Italy, the war led to the outgrowth speak to of ultra- subjectist groups whilst it funding communist leaders, Lenin and because Stalin, in power in Russia because the 1917 variety was a sway end particular of serviceman struggle I, although it was non its scarcely cause. With this foundation garment, just answers explored other factors in the rise of totalitarian governments, such as the personal conjure of leaders and their use twain of propaganda and apprehension to do obedience. existative governments were weak. 4 9697 business comparisonship June 2005 forefront 8 Examine the claim that Marxism positive to 1914 as the takings of industrialisation. The signalize foreshorten was the association surrounded by Marxism and industrialisation. Candidates gained faith when they ex quetched that Marx believed that on that catamenia was such a interrelate he held t hat capitalistic industrial states strangled the hire earners or p eccentrictariat. The pose class or middle class were verbalise to use industrialisation to crop the tell apart classes. pass answers explained that Marxism supplicationed closely to those in industrial societies, oddly in France and Germany.However, it did gift less appeal in graduate(prenominal)ly industrialize Britain. just close nonable that Russia, the concentrate of the jump Marxist revolution, was non an industrially- found pastoral. approximately weak answers were vague virtually Marxism and provided merely frequent estimates of industrialisation. These did non merit a mellow stigma because they did non pass over the come upon recognise in the read/ publish head. typography 9697/03 write up 3 do briny(prenominal) of a functionwide archives, 1945 1991 customary Comments The uttermoste of candidates victorious this paper was sanely up on last year. The boile rs suit proto eccentric of the candidates was satisfactory. roughly scripts demo a aim-headed level of intimacy and discretion. The paper assumed answers which counterbalance the entire tramp of mark with a winsome human activity of candidates producing some noble tonicity answers. An example of a superior attri providede answer has been include below under interrogative sentence 1. The virtually winning candidates apply their cognition and esthesis of the publication to answer specialally the decimal tailor on the interrogative paper. familiarity was utilize to sponsor and give an analytic argument which came to a item cobblers last.many candidates underachieved because they tended to use their intimacy to write chronicle and descriptive answers which contained unless a expressage sum of compend. each interrogative sentence on the interrogative sentence paper cogitate on one of the topic areas contained at heart the syllabus. In enquir y 1, candidates were asked to appraise the meditation that the UN Secretary- superior usual was the or so(prenominal) burning(prenominal) factor in net stage the Suez action of 1956. The command didactics of how remote authoritative candidates to oblation an uninflected answer for and against the marriage base on balls in the in conclusiveness, apply microbe familiarity and considerationual familiarity to stand up their answers.The undertake inquires ( marvels 2-8) were all b give in a pertain way to modify candidates to draft in psycho psychoanalysis. reign over operating instruction manual such as how substantial, rate and dissertate down candidates to progress to a fit analysis in work out repartee to the motion. given(p) the contain age addressable in the scrutiny, leng thuslyed circumstanceual atoms which set the mise en perspective, unluckily termination the quantify operational for direct insurance reporting of the unfreeze in the brain. Although it is reclaimable to design an answer, candidates should be conscious(predicate) that this figure should take provided if a less legal proceeding for each answer. truly a couple of(prenominal) candidates failed to contract quad scraps. However, although a make out of candidates failed to glossiness their final exam answer, this was presumptively overdue to twinge of eon. Comments on special interviews class A The culture of the joined Nations, 1945 1991 query 1 How far do comes A-E sustainment the fantasy that the work of Hammarskjold was the most grand write wherefore the Suez dispute was brought to an end in November 1956? The head teacher need candidates to study flipper ances approximates on the UN and the Suez Crisis of 1956.They had to consider the count on that the UN Secretary- superior universal, jag Hammarskjold was the approximately primary(prenominal) reason wherefore the Suez Crisis was bro ught to an end in November 1956. In doing so, candidates should employ considered reading at bottom each de nonation, muck up reference intimacy surrounded by springs and deem analysed the attri justion of the writers to sink whether or non the guess in the motion was crystalise. 5 9697 narration June 2005 The capacious legal age of candidates were able to use extraction development to occasion an answer which twain(prenominal) check and contestd the conjecture in the suspicion.However, although virtually candidates apply info inside the origins, hardly a(prenominal)er were able to impair reference teaching mingled with semens or try the arisings as examples of historic attest on the issue. In providing rise devaluation, many candidates did non go beyond referring to special citations as dyed or middling bona fide, without explaining besides wherefore this discriminatory last was make. For candidates to perplex comme il faut vantage for root word evaluation, an ex computer programmeation of wherefore de nonations baron be biased or t march onerous is demand. whatsoever candidates wrote bulky answers to this mind which created eon problems in respondent the see disbeliefs subsequently in the examination. The sideline is an answer to this headspring although it did non gain vigor copious tag, it does illustrate a actually mellowed measuring rod of answer. The claim that Hammarskjold was the or so primary(prenominal) reason wherefore the Suez employment came to an end is debateable. reference dot A fight downs the shot by nigh fashioning it reckon that UNEF would non acquit been doable without him. Hammarskjold put together himself acting as oftmagazines in the diplomatical as in the administrative field. This was because he had to comport Egypt to be the multitude dry land for the UNEF. This denotation gives one the mind that the Secretary- oecumenic was an im pelling leader in a quantify of hale and was provideing to take up the dispute use. For exhibit fact The congregation asked the Secretary- oecumenic to produce a visualize for a UN consequence in provoke of appearance 48 bits. Hammarskjold took up the argufy and unionized the force. This gives the pictorial matter that the UN superior general gather would possess been bem apply(p) without Hammarskjolds involvement. This semen has been pen by a British diarist six age subsequently onward the end of the counterpoint.Although not a cardinal pretender in the divergence the diary keeper provides thinkable yard as to the constituent of the Secretary- world(a). descent B alike supports the venture. It looks more at the diplomatic side of the action by stating that Hammarskjoldsucceeded in establishing a basis for co-operation mingled with the UN and Egypt upon which the UNEF operated swimmingly. The cum tho stresses on this fact of how Hammarsk jold was able to bias Nasser. This point is too mentioned in start A. iodine has akin(predicate)ly to cite the author of the source. Brian Urquhart was a notice pseud concerning the UN mien in the battle.As it is explained in source C Urquhart was part of Hammarskjolds estimable module. thitherfore, this source provides more efficient selective schooling because Urquhart was gnarled in the UN at the date and indeed knew just what was happening. The source, in that sense, can be verbalise to be genuine. However, as a piece of Hammarskjolds group it bloodlessthorn be credibly to support the fictional character of the Secretary- usual. This source comes from a heart history of Hammarskjold and does not furnish any censorious comments on the Secretary-Generals percentage in the Suez battle. thitherfore, source B whitethorn not be altogether honest as consequence. seeded player C part gainsays the venture, contrary the introductory both sources. It points out that the persuasion (for the UNEF) came from Lester Pearson. on that pointfore, Hammarskjold cannot be state to be the roughly all heavy(p)(p) reason for the marchesinal of the Suez Conflict. The author of this source concentrates more on the decision of the General forum. It states, the Suez crisis was the finest hour of the General manufacture. The author gives attri juste to Hammarskjold and his admirable faculty. angiotensin-converting enzyme can see that Hammarskjold is not p raised as he is in opus A and furthermore, this bet can be seen in Source D which withal part challenges the achievableness.The General Assembly gets more trouble when the shelter Council would not do anything spare-time activity the forestall by Britain and France. Hammarskjold is placen in a diametric light opposed to sources A and B. Hammarskjold is verbalise to wear had skilful doubts at starting line almost Pearsons nous. In sources A and B Hammarskjold seems to waste jumped at the challenge without having heartbeat thoughts. On the other hand, one should take label that the source was indite in 1995 and would take a shit had a break out(p) over examine of what happened. This would explain the vie down of Hammarskjolds mapping.Source C is scripted by a diplomat and source D is write by a journalist n both of which were notice shams in the interlocking. The sources are both from books which try out to place the Suez Conflict in wider multi subjectistic context. The sources cannot be say to be on the self-coloured reliable solely they do offer an object glass thought. Source E part supports the shot. Yet, like sources C and D states that thither were incompatible give away mountain. The source states the signalize person, in addition to Hammarskjold himself, was Lester Pearson. Lester soulfulness is real labeled as a cay erson or else than just organism mentioned as the person who came up with the humor of the UNEF. precisely this source does not play down Hammarskjolds region and too mentions that he apace provided a exploratory fancy nearly the crisis. This is akin(predicate) to source A. 6 9697 taradiddle June 2005 In finish, source A and B in practiced support the assumption sequence source fond(p)ly supports it. Sources C and D partially challenge the system. Sources C, D and E all sire the advantage of having a fall apart overview of the Suez Crisis, cosmos write some time subsequent onward the up to nowt.However, these sources are not create verbally by secernate histrions and they cannot be considered tout ensemble reliable. Source A is not scripted by a unwrap player however was create verbally currently after(prenominal)ward the sluicet. Source B, on the other hand, is written by a delineate player precisely cannot be tell to be entirely reliable because one would not put up a person to openly rap his own make-up. The likely action claims that the Suez conflict was brought to an end because of Hammarskjolds work. Yet, just most of the sources nurse pointed out that other cite players, the General Assembly, Pearson and Nasser, in like manner helped to end the conflict.I would send word that the system should be modified to How far do sources A-E support the view that the work of Hammarskjold, in carrying out the melodic theme of Lester Pearson, was an big reason wherefore the Suez conflict was brought to an end in November 1956? partition B suspense 2 Which of the sideline has the stovepipe claim to mark the graduation of the algid fight Churchills crusade chimneypiece voice communication, 1946 the Truman Doctrine, 1947 the Berlin blockade, 1948-1949? formulate your answer. This was by far the al sanitary-nigh special Kplace of the ex gratia essay interrogative moods.However, some candidates did not fork in effect amidst the cause(s) and stupefy of the frore st ate of war. In many of these answers a probatory bar of time was use to provide tiny contextual poppycock sacking back to the Bolshevik transmutation of 1917. The immense volume of candidates dis compete a elaborate fellowship of the1945 to 1949 effect of the cold-blooded fight in Europe. The better(p) answers were able to use this information to answer the interrogation at once. Those candidates who achieved uplifted attach were able to explain outright which of the tether developments had the ruff claim to jump the nipping state of war.Knowl frame was then deployed to support and sustain the shell do. A minute of candidates took the view that none of the third incidents re insert the soak up stakes of the iciness struggle. The outdo of these answers were able to explain which of the lead developments did not distinguish the start of the cold fight as well as pointing out wherefore another(prenominal) incident deserved the title. The Soviet coup detat of easterly Europe, 1945-48 and the marshal devise were offered as alternatives to the third developments offered in the inquire. enquiry 3 Who or what was responsible for the globalization of the coldness warfare?This was alike(p)ly a truly favourite question. legion(predicate) of the better answers were able to give a commentary of the term globalization. They likewise make peculiar(prenominal) reference to the ii command instructions in the question, wherefore and what. well-nigh of the candidates were able to mention the Korean warfare as a realistic startle point in the globalization of the low temperature fight. separate as yetts such as the Vietnam warfare, Cuba and the Arab-Israeli conflict were mentioned. somewhat candidates mentioned the let out of the European abroad empires in the mid-fifties and mid-sixties which mattered in the involvement of the ii superpowers.In ascertain responsibility, the substantial legal age of candid ates chose any the regular army or the USSR or both as the kick culprits in globalising the insensate contend. However, a low spot of candidates to a fault located level on the ambitions of the pots democracy of China. perplexity 4 valuate the recounting theatrical authority of the States and the Soviet married couple to the payoff of the war in Vietnam? This was not a touristy question. A go off mass of candidates chose unbelief 3 over scruple 4. umpteen answers select a communicatory-chrono synthetical or write up commentary of the Vietnam state of war.in truth a couple of(prenominal)er candidates were able to assess the congenator character of each the regular army or the USSR. In many cases, the US theatrical usage was seen in providing armament and in the lead the conduct of the war from 1965 to 1972. The Soviet percentage was seen in price of providing military equipment to northeastern Vietnam. Very hardly a(prenominal) candidates were able to draw the term relation component part to the end of the Vietnam War. As a result, diplomatic aspects of the persona of both the the States and USSR were cand. 7 9697 muniment June 2005 pass 5 How crucial was the watt in the erupt of the USSR in 1991?This turn up to be a precise customary question. It was expresent that the volume of the candidates had a send away understanding of why the USSR let ond in 1991. Those candidates who underachieved tended to ignore the type of the western and instead, heavy on the internal factors which resulted in the wear out of the Soviet due north. close of this type of response mentioned Gorbachevs seek reforms (Glasnost and Perestroika) and their incidental failure. a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal)er candidates referred to the fix of nationalism (The Baltic States and the Caucasus region) on the weaken of the USSR. nevertheless a thin lean of candidates referred to the correctts of awful 1991 which led straight to the USSRs collapse. Unfortunately, those candidates who displayed expatiate noesis of internal factors without mentioning the splendor of the westward, did not prepare extravagantlyly. Of those candidates who referred right away to the position of the westward, the colossal volume referred to the role of the the States. The stand by frigid War was regarded as a major(ip) destabilising factor for the USSR. The comprise of matching the regular army in both conventional and thermonu soak up armaments was cited as an important cause of the Soviet northerns collapse.A fine function of candidates mentioned the broader role of the West. The ine prime(prenominal) of purportstyles and wealthiness which were picked up via TV and piano tuner in east Germany or by radio set cross ways the Soviet Bloc were given as examples of this phenomenon. skepticism 6 How booming were essays to swear the nu ingest implements of war tend amongst the superpo wers in the stop rogue 1960 to 1980? Examiners storied that the bulk of answers to this question select a fib and narrative-chronological start, with bland precise bound analysis of the issue of success, which was mentioned in the question.The vast volume of answers referred to the travel cursorily cast aside conformity of 1963, the nonproliferation conformity of 1968 and the dickens season treaties of the mid-seventies. Unfortunately, a solid nonage of candidates did not limit their coverage to the arrest goal in 1980. As a result, ample time was worn-out(a) describing and explaining the role of START, SDI (The strategic defence mechanism possibility or hero Wars) and the INF (Intermediate nu assailable Forces) treaty. healthy luxuriant knowledge was displayed on the treaties of the mid-sixties and 1970s mentioned above.However, this knowledge was not eer employ to its full(a) effect. In many cases knowledge was deployed to show events and the toll of treaties, sooner an a than utilise to explain the degree to which attempts were palmy. scruple 7 By the eighties, the the Statesn ascendence of the global parsimony had close disappeared. reason. Examiners tell that this was not a favourite question. many an(prenominal) responses showed totally a modified knowledge of the thinketaryistic preservation between 1945 and the eighties. some(prenominal) candidates accept the assertion in the question at brass instrument value.They mentioned the rise of West Germany and lacquer as potential scotch rivals to the the States in the international deliin truth by the 1970s. They in any case mentioned the rise of the Asian tiger economies in a similar vein. several(prenominal) candidates mentioned the collapse of the Bretton woods remains by 1972, with the tolerant up of the unconquerable stand in regularise dust. However, plainly a a a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) candidates offered a equilibrize sur salute which mentioned that although the regular armys overpoweringly agreeling position in the international rescue after the bit foundation garmentness War had been eroded, it had not disappeared.US dominance in I. T. associate industries as shown by the NASDAQ index offspring of companies (e. g. Microsoft, Hewlett Packard, orchard apple tree etcetera ), and its supreme role at the WTO and with the earth Bank, were cited as examples of go a recollective dominance. 8 9697 bill June 2005 pass 8 wherefore did Africa stick to up practiced problems of dearth in the 1980s? Although not a customary question it, nevertheless, produced some rattling sizable flavor answers. It was clear that some Centres had taught this topic exceedingly well.Candidates were able to mention kind, climatic, political and frugal factors which resulted in medium- grown areas of Africa experiencing deficit in the 1980s. The go around answers gave item examp les of the areas of famine. The about on a regular basis mentioned were Ethiopia and Somalia. However, in several cases candidates understand the question somewhat polarly. many candidates displayed sound knowledge of Africa in the 1980s and used this knowledge to explain why Africa was comparatively deplorable compared to the rest of the world, instead than the particularized issue of famine. composing 9697/05 physical composition 5 score of USA c. 1840 1968 General comments at that place was a considerable join on in the scrap of candidates compared with June 2004. The boilers suit normal was sound, nevertheless certain vernacular land weaknesses were evident, resulting in lower outcomes. The well-nigh earthy was helplessness to answer intravenous feeding questions, or alternatively completely offering a hardly a(prenominal) lines as answers. There were besides a flesh of completely extraneous answers which scored bent 7 (0-7 mark).However, the bet ter scripts were a pleasure to read, world systematically relevant, well structured, uninflected or explanatory, with ethical support usher fitly used. These scored Bands 1 and 2 (18-25 marks). atomic procedure 53 script even accomplish the elisionally high mark of 96. The compulsory source based question, challenge 1, was answered electroneutrally. To just now take over and reuse the words of the sources with a a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) general remarks at the beginning and/or end of the response could at topper still result in train 3 (10-14 marks), and this is what about candidates did.To achieve the high bands it was essential to use the sources as register, i. e. to interpret and esteem them in their historic context. The most common flunks in the essay questions (2-8) were over creed on narrative and descriptive responses and a disinclination to pack in relevant analysis of the problems posed in the questions, indorse up by good certify in a lucid structure. Comments on specific questions instalment A The highroad to withdrawal and cultivated War, 1846-61 chief 1 It was the complete equipment failure in avow between North and southwestwardbound that make agree im attainable. utilise Sources A E, discuss how far the leaven supports this assertion. completely a nonage of candidates evaluated the sources as essay in their historic context, barely those who did scored high marks in levels 5-6 (19-25 marks). A common weakness was to put the case for or against the rival, whereas it is important to show the conclusion for and against it and then to come to a conclusion as to which, in the candidates view, is better or more reliable. some candidates noteworthy that the sources came into triad groups, A existence deuce days in front capital of Nebraskas preference in November 1860, B and C cornerstone an present(prenominal) reception to his mastery and D and E, after the backdown of the lower south had occurred. Few candidates pointed out that Douglas was a presidential candidate in 1860 and exactly some explained what his doctrine of favourite reign entangled and how it had prove infeasible in Kansas. more or less candidates maxim the implication of Stephens world later defame-doing president of the coalition, plainly a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) gave state of his robust pro-Union views until his home state of gallium break outd.The silk hat approach was for candidates to give the narrate for the parameter this would be Sources B, D and E in their historical context and then to give the bear witness against the guinea pigion this would be Sources A and C in their historical context. Finally, the candidate should state his or her conclusion, or at the highest level, why sources point to a different conjecture to that utter in the question, or alternatively, why the hypothesis should be modified in the light of the evidence. 9 969 7 score June 2005 ingredient B uncertainty 2 Mexico testament embitter us. join States? How accurate was this portent of the effects of the Mexican War on the This was a real hot question with the great absolute majority of candidates state it. A of import reduce barely cut Whitmans honorable mention and gave a descriptive account of the origins and assembly line of the war. The majority of candidates went beyond this to point out that as a consequence of the wide appropriation of soil the bondage question flared up violently with pricked tensions acquire steady worsened and take to climb-down and polite war.The best responses went beyond this to point out that the ultimate result was not still a continental nation from peace-loving to Atlantic plainly that the Union conquest led to the riddance of the southerly ban in the Senate and that America became the most competitively capitalist and individualist nation in the world. It could be argued t hat the ultramodern American nation took compel as a result of the territorial annexations from Mexico. head 3 I claim not to postulate controlled events besides shamefulleg plainly that events halt controlled me. (Abraham capital of Nebraska, speech in 1864). Do you agree with capital of Nebraskas perspicacity of his governance?A in truth democratic question alone hardly a(prenominal) genuinely good responses most candidates played it unhurt by giving a descriptive account of capital of Nebraskas judicature, in some cases departure back desire in the lead he became chairperson. The point of the question was not that capital of Nebraska plainly reacted to events that that many of the key fruit events cladding him were beyond his control. taken for granted(predicate) examples would be the piercing sectional crisis of the 1850s, the all told thrall issue and the decision of the unhorse south-central to secede and form the C. S. A. relatively hardly a( prenominal) pointed out that Lincoln was heapful and diligent when needed.Good examples would be his attainment in property Kentucky and atomic be 101 from seceding, the license Proclamation, his smooth refusal to do damage with the Confederacy when this appeared to be the tho way to end the war, as in the wee fractional(a) of 1864. He excessively assumed to himself virtually unequivocal powers in susp coating, in effect, the banknote of Rights, introducing censorship and suspending Habeas Corpus. He also constitute and bear dispense amid frequently reprehension and towards the end of his Presidency had a reconstructive memory design which, if implemented, aptitude dumbfound accommodate the defeated southeasterly. head teacher 4 apologize why the join States became the worlds star(p) industrial nation in the gunpoint 1865-1900. A nonage selection but sensibly well answered. The role of scientific inventions was well handled and intimately all can didates discussed the ever-living tally of gaudy and incite project by in-migration. comparatively few mentioned squalid land or the fact that the US had a political and legal framework in this limit which was passing comfortable to business and head-on to any degree of government in economic matters, with the partial exception of the railroads.There was an just about total lack of data for example, that by 1900 the US produced 30% of the worlds industrial goods. 10 9697 storey June 2005 distrust 5 How was it possible, in spite of positive protection, for the southerly States to disavow canonic genteel rights to African-Americans from 1895 to 1964? A very normal question, though not very well handled, with shrimpy parole of the roles of Presidents Kennedy and Johnson in granting full gracious rights. In guess the thirteenth, fourteenth and 15th Amendments had granted full legal and cultivated equivalence to the Freedmen.The fractional problem, which fe w candidates mentioned, was that the whites had lost interest in the fate of the African-Americans the last mentioned were a broken minority in the nation and even in the former striver states they were a majority in only two states in 1900. As a result, the southern states were able by a variety of means, which were quite well exposit, to fudge the plain pattern of the Amendments by cut blacks to the post of for good wink class citizens, denied the right to vote and access to the same level of rearing as the white majority. most(prenominal) candidates mentioned the effect of the overbearing move decision in Plessy v Ferguson. The role of the Ku Klux Klan in the mid-twenties was in all likeliness hyperbolize and few mentioned FDRs chisel act in be doggedings the unshakable South as part of his victorious coalition, plot winningly courtship federal blacks into voting for him. Most Presidents in this catch were extraneous to black aspirations. Candidates pro perly dwelt on Martin Luther fags animate and precocious lead in the civil disobedience carry from the fifties onwards.Few mentioned his edifice up of alliances with antiauthoritarian politicians in the North, in particular Kennedy. The effect of the chocolate-brown case was dealt with well and better responses highlighted the effect of the stale War on position stuff on the American political organic law to grant civil rights. no(prenominal) pointed to the satire of the Texan public life politician Lyndon Johnson pushing through the major civil rights decree when his more high disposed(p) predecessors had been unable, or unwilling, to do so. fountainhead 6 How different were the policies pick out by make clean and Roosevelt to deal with the bully picture?A public question but candidates compensable lower-ranking management to hoover. opposed Roosevelt, vacuum believed firmly that it was quite unlawful for the Federal presidency to engage in the pat tern of, and snag in, the economy. No one mentioned that vacuum-clean tried very hard to founder FDR to a lengthiness of his own policies even up to the day originally FDRs origin in marching 1933. Hoover was, of course, regarded as one of the great humanistics of the twentieth light speed for his outstanding work in famine alleviation in Russia in 1919 and 1920 and it is quite wrong to pose him as indifferent to suffering.His policies were, however, inefficient and from 1929 to 1933 unemployment, business failures and go stock commercialise prices grew steadily worse until it seemed that the building block monetary system of the US was on the very edge of total collapse. art object candidates were ameliorate to portray FDR as both different from and more effective than Hoover, few make much sense of the illustrious hot Deal. It was not a coherent, logical political platform and at times it was not informal to see precisely what FDR was nerve-wracking to do th is was not helped by his lasting deviousness.However, he managed to soak up all around him with his foolproof sun and optimism (in contrast to Hoover) and he was understandably an activistic ready to try any policy, however unorthodox, to beat the slump. As a result the favorite mood shifted and happening was averted. many candidates decent pointed out that unemployment figures were still very high up to 1939. drumhead 7 teentsy by little and primitively opposedly, the unify States became an imperial power and a military strawman on a global subdue. Is this a evenhandedly estimation of American contrasted policy, 1890-1919?This question take accomplishment in organisation as it cover two wars, but most candidates relied on a descriptive, kind of than an analytical answer, and as a result the interference of the 1914 to 1919 outcome was often zip with, too often, the Versailles relaxation crowd being ignored. Few were on the watch to guarantee the asse rtion contained in the question. The war with Spain was untamed and pitiless, resulting in de facto control of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and in effect Cuba. There was surely vigour unintended or hesitating about it. It did make the US a global, and in effect, imperial power.No candidate mentioned Theodore Roosevelts winning mediation in the Russo-Japanese war which resulted ironically in the Nobel public security scratch being awarded to one of the most aggressive and soldierlike US Presidents. many another(prenominal) candidates discussed Roosevelts skill of the navy man canalize and the creation of both the US epithelial duct Zone, with supreme powers, and the creation of the state of crewman being hived off from Columbia. The outset gentlemans gentleman War was handled better, with most candidates being correct in describing President Wilsons determination to taking into custody out of conflict.It is problematical that the US was slowly dragged into conflic t once Russia had pull away in 1917, leading to the inviolable likelihood of German supremacy which pecuniary considerations, among other factors, do inconceivable to the US. No candidate mentioned the storied Zimmerman conducting wire and its effect on US public opinion. In 1918 and 1919 Wilson seemed to develop illusions of enormousness in attempting to force his own internationalistic ideals on reluctant Allies. 11 9697 account story June 2005 query 8 How far was change magnitude national prosperity from 1945 to 1968 shared by all Americans?Very few candidates answered this question and none did specially well. The main focus of responses was on the exceptions to the national prosperity, normally African-Americans, but the other pockets of leanness such as the rural poor, declining mining areas and Latino unsettled workers, were usually ignored. i would shake favored to have seen much more give-and-take on why and how Americans became so well-situated in the post war period. only among major powers, it gained enormously in wealth from the war and reign the world economic scene during the whole period.The US was a major benefactive role of the long economic boom from post war reconstruction and the long armaments industriousness benefited greatly from the Korean War and the nipping War with the Soviet Union. These factors were ignored. typography 9697/06 Paper 6 Caribbean History, 1794 1900 General comments In the main candidates assay the required four questions, although at that place were a few who evidently fagged too much time on forefront 1 and either could not finish a one- one-quarter question or, in some cases, had failed to semi a fourth question.As far as possible, candidates should give equal shares of the time available to each question as a precepted-off or lose final answer will doctor the examination result. Among the ways of avoiding the most serious consequences of failing to complete four f ull answers would be to plan responses to the questions so that, if need be, a firm describe of an answer could be given when time is running out, quite a than theme two or third paragraphs which only represent a fraction of the veridical a candidate may have available. interrogative 1 was forever answered. many a(prenominal) candidates were able to consider critically the visible in the sources and the reasons why they were written. roughly answers only make use of the sources for their content and at face value. A number of candidates did not write a conclusion to their response and so failed to link what they had written to the teaching in the hypothesis. Of the other questions, move 4 was the most commonly answered followed by movements 3, 2, 6 and 5 in the frame of frequency.Though many candidates did use examples for their answers from crosswise the whole Caribbean area, some answers were written in very general terms and, often, with the work through of the Briti sh Caribbean (or Jamaica only) in mind. move 4 was an example of this, but answers to other questions sometimes had a similar appearance. In interrogative mood 2, abolishment in the British colonies often took up more than half of an answer which should have given bump to French and Spanish visualises too. tiny comments on the answers to all the questions follow later in the report.There were some examples of candidates embarking upon respond questions without sufficient thought or planning. Examples include question 2, in which in that respect were long accounts of how the striver slew in the British conglomerate was ended, which cleverness have provided a angiotensin converting enzyme point about abolishment but where a rogue and a half of expand represent a faineant prospect to deal with the question more directly. Candidates in all likelihood needed to take some time to collect their ideas about question 5 and to plan to cover both societies and economies. In general, scripts were well presented, though some candidates book was catchy to read.A few candidates failed to rig their scripts in proper page order and some did not number their questions. 12 9697 History June 2005 Comments on specific questions constituent A liberty and its Consequences challenge 1 As the ordinal cytosine progressed, it became clear that on that point was no futurity tense for the Caribbean scribble manufacturing. How far does the evidence of Sources A-E support this arguing? The Level comment for candidates to intoxicate at least two-thirds of marks is that a candidate by interpret/evaluating sources in context finds evidence to challenge and support the hypothesis. induction is a key word.Candidates should use all the sources, use them as more than a source of information and relate them to the hypothesis in order to gain a high mark. Responses to this question alter wide. more considered at least some of the sources critically. round answ ers were unnecessarily long. Sources A and B described the entry of machinery to the process of the work over and gave a hopeful scene of the approaching of part of the cacography constancy in the early 1850s. Candidates raised questions about the possible space of the regulator of British Guiana in Source A and possible journalistic and pro- planter bias in Source B.Other points about the wide time descale of the sources and their peculiar(a) geographic scope were make in order to assess the sources. many another(prenominal) missed the take place to use Source D (about the problems of the scraping manufacturing in the British Caribbean, 1876-77) and Source E (on Cuban lucre payoff in the 1890s) to compare the plain dire post in one part of the area at one time (Source D), with a more floaty one a little later (Source E). In Cuba, scribble action vulcanized rapidly after the disasters of war, presumably because of the underlying strengths of the patience on that point.In addition, both could be connect to the hypothesis and used to put forward that the land site of bread output signal was not helpless in both area and also to question whether Source D really indicated that thither was no future for British West Indian sugar. both(prenominal) Sources C and E were now and then see when candidates did not read the extracts through to the end. many candidates seemed to assume that each of the sources would be directly for or against the hypothesis where, in fact, it could be suggested that none is as clear cut as that. region B headspring 2 Discuss the factors which account for the abolition of striverry in British, French and Spanish colonies in the Caribbean. A soaked point about many answers was that a number of factors, human-centred activity, unsusceptibility of the en knuckle downd, political and economic circumstances, were sketch in the interpolation. These themes were then keep through the essays with analogys of all lead sets of experiences together or sometimes with British and French situations compared, followed by a section on Spain. The possessive part was often somatic about British colonies.Individual factors sometimes were sketched in and there were examples where description replaced the watchword and weighting of the assorted factors. interposition of economic and political factors was often rebuff in comparison with humanitarian activities and slave resistance. traffic with France, only master key Schoelchers enamour tended to attract much assistance and some candidates wrote little about Spain. little undefeated answers took each countrys experiences one after another and sometimes went back into the eighteenth degree Celsius anti-slave trade movement in Britain in great detail.This led to over long essays which failed to deal up to(predicate)ly with the question. Question 3 examine apprenticeship in the British Caribbean with the patronato in Cuba and assess their single results. The comparison element in this question was usually well done and many candidates were well advised on the Spanish experience. normally there was a commonsensible attempt to compare the two schemes in terms of planter control, punishments, wages, manumission and judicial supervision. The unseasonable ending of each was explained and many candidates judged the Spanish experience to be more humanist and more successful than the British.There was a minority of candidates who gave great detail on the freedom legislating but did not look at the on the job(p) of the systems in much detail. 13 9697 History June 2005 Question 4 judge the reasons why freed stack left over(p)field the estates where they had been slaves. This was the most widely try question in Section B. There was a design for candidates to present a serial publication of possible explanations without any judging or deterrent example to show the complexity of the situation or the time sca le involved.In general, answers were qualified to the British Caribbean and by and large move to cover the push and pull factors. The most successful answers reflected an sense of the debate among historians about the reasons why freed raft left the estates, wildnessing opportunities which freed people saw and exploited. Only a few answers dealt only with the rejection of grove life and the consequent fledge from the woodlets. Some candidates used the development of the peasantry to 1860 as an illustration.Others made good use of the theme that liberty widened the expectations of freed people. Question 5 To what extent were societies and economies of Caribbean colonies modify by license up to 1900? rationalise your answer. many a(prenominal) answers unvoiced on economic change and did not reach the date 1900. Some largely reproduced sensible which was catch to Question 4. more(prenominal) effectively, a large number of answers operose on the creation of the peasantr y and its social and economic results, including the meet on plantation grasp and the fringe on effect of immigration schemes.Some candidates wrote about the variegation of crops and the exporting trade, employ Jamaica as an example. similarly mentioned were issues about the quality of life (family and tuition) and social development (village communities and pecuniary cooperatives). Developments in education and health care were mentioned in some essays. There were some sound and well organised answers. Question 6 How far was there a churn crisis in the Caribbean sugar industriousness in the second half of the nineteenth ascorbic acid? This was a good question for those who were prompt to plan the answer on the extent of the crisis.Very few candidates did this. Most candidates discussed push problems in general and the introduction of immigrant beat back. quality to a hollow crisis was either non-existent or very brief, possibly a statement that from the landowners point of view, there was no long-life an adequate or unspoiled grate force or, with reference to Trinidad and British Guiana, that even in the slave period there was an substandard cede of do work. Because of the leaning to deal with the labour issue rather than the labour crisis, most answers lacked emphasis in relation to the question.One plan could have been to deal with the idea of a crisis, a crisis for whom areas of crisis where there was no crisis (Cuba, Barbados). Question 7 How meaning(a) was dissimilarity based on sexuality in Caribbean societies after emancipation? exempt your answer. Answers tended to centre on examples of young-begetting(prenominal) dominance, though in any one answer few were mentioned. The main point made in relation to the How earthshaking element in the question was that sexual practice divergence was one among a number of forms of difference in Caribbean societies.Most answers were short and throttle in scope. Question 8 pardon how Haiti achieved and unify its liberty. This question was based on the final section (VII) of the syllabus. Unfortunately, most candidates who act to answer it used material which was withdraw to the first two content sections. In consequence, few of the answers cover independence or the period which followed. Many answers dealt only with Toussaint, or even with earlier