Prostitution Should be Legal on College Campuses :: Education Crime Prostitute Essays

Prostitution Should be Legal on College Campuses I am sure that there are some of you that are thinking, "Prostitution on college campuses, he can't be serious!?" but indeed I am. After all, how hard have you ever thought about the subject? Probably not much, if ever. I mean really, the most any typical guy usually thinks while walking across campus or at a party is geeze, I wish I could get to know her. Well, fortunately for you I am going to give you the low down as to why legalizing prostitution should be implemented on college campuses. I know most of you guys will agree, and possibly some girls, with what I have to say, but I'm sure there will be many critics opposing this change. However, with appropriate monitoring, I believe that State U. should legalize campus prostitution. First, I must say that I am not trying to create the impression in people's minds that I want to see young college students, especially women, roaming the campus streets trying to turn a trick. That would just be insane because that person could only end up getting hurt. What I am envisioning is an escort service. Girls and guys would be able to dial a number where they can acquire the company of someone for the evening. True identities of all parties involved would be concealed to respect privacy, and only ISU students would be allowed to use the service. This way, it would just be the college students, and not the community that would benefit from this service. One of the things that college students suffer from the most is stress, why else do they break the law and go out and get trashed from drinking each weekend? By getting overly stimulated by alcohol, they forget about the stressful week that they just endured. Sex could possibly become a substitute for this, therefore reducing the number of underage drinkers. After all, it has been proven that a little physical activity can rejuvenate the body and leave you feeling refreshed and energized; ready to take on new and challenging tasks. On the flip side though, it can be argued that some people might take advantage of the system and try to pay for sex when they are not truly stressed out. A person may simply want to have sex and making an appointment may possibly take away the service from someone who truly needs it.

Sub Level Caving

Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence SUBLEVEL CAVING TECHNIQUE SIMPLICITY AND LOW COST ARE THE ESSENCE Author: Partha Das Sharma, B. Tech(Hons. ) in Mining Engineering, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 1. Introduction – Sublevel caving is usually carried out when mining of the orebody through an open pit method is no longer economically feasible. Mining now proceeds underground, underneath the open pit. At first, both a raise and a network of tunnels are made.At different sublevels, jumbos are used for long hole drilling, drilling directly upwards into the roof. These holes are then charged with explosives and blasted. As the roofs cave in, the rock from the ground surface will cave in to the underground as well. Scoop trams or Load Haul Dump (LHD) vehicles transport the muck, loosened rocks, to an ore pass where the rocks are lifted to the surface. Drilling and blasting takes place at differ ent underground levels of the mine at the same time.As the blasted rock, muck, is continuously transported to the ore pass, more blasting will encourage the roof to cave in to the void and further into the drift. This is repeated until blasting, caving and transporting depletes the entire orebody. 2. Modern day Sublevel caving – The sublevel caving technique, as the method is applied today, the whole quantity of ore between the different sublevels is broken using ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 1Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence controlled drilling and blasting. Sublevel caving is in many respe cts simple. It can be used in orebodies with very different properties and it is easy to mechanize. In sublevel caving, ore is developed from a series of sublevels spaced at regular intervals throughout the orebody. Mining begins at the top of the orebody. A series of ring patterns is drilled and blasted from each sublevel. Broken ore is mucked out after each blast and the overlying waste rock caves on top of the broken ore. This technique is inexpensive, highly mechanized and yields a large amount of muck.It is normally used in massive, steeply-dipping orebodies with considerable strike length. Since dilution and low recoveries are unavoidable, sublevel caving is used to mine lowgrade, low-value ore-bodies. However, studies are going on in various levels to eliminate the shortcoming of the system. The designs which are used and the measures which can be taken to eliminate the disadvantages are less understood. Possibly the modern version of the method was developed in the iron mine s of Sweden. Over the past few years, the scale of sublevel caving has increased markedly with LKAB being a leader in this regard.Today, with the continuing push to increase mining scale, a fundamental question is whether the gravity flow principles which served as the design basis for the small-scale sublevel caving mine designs of the past can be applied at much larger scales or whether some other approach is required. In fact, in design and operating practices, sublevel caving is among the most advanced of all mining methods. Sound engineering is indispensable to its conduct. The reason is related to the complexity of the caving action and the necessity of controlling it. The increased sublevel interval requires diligence in drilling, loading and blasting practices.The advent of improved drilling technology has made increased sublevel intervals possible in the sublevel cave mine. Hydraulic tube rod drill rigs have made long ——————— ———————————————————————————- 2 Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence up-holes accurate with less than 2% deviation. Apart, blasting pattern used has also plays very important role.Proper fragmentation and blasting efficiency is evaluated by measuring the percentage of muck which is able to pass the designated blast size. 3. Description of sublevel caving method – An underground mining method used in large, steeply dipping orebodies where the wall rock is of an incompetent nature. Parallel drives are developed in the ore on equally spaced levels. The ore is then drilled and blasted using longholes between levels, often in a circular or fan pattern, on retreat. The weight of the rock is used to assist breakage. The upper levels are mined ahead of lower levels.Broken ore is extracted from the drive before the next blast takes place. The wall rock caves in when the ore is extracted. As discussed, in sublevel caving, the hanging wall is allowed to cave in as the ore is drilled, blasted and removed. The wall caving is induced by mining the ore in controlled sequence, usually from hanging wall to footwall and from top to bottom. Sublevel caving is often used in conjunction with surface mining. Sublevel caving extracts the ore via sublevels, which are developed in the orebody at regular vertical spacing. Each sublevel features systematic layout with parallel drifts, along or across the orebody.In the wide orebody, sublevel drifts start from the footwall drive, to continue across, reaching the hanging wall. In the orebody lesser width, sublevel drifts are branched off in both directions, from a centre crosscut drive. ——à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 3 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence Development volume to prepare sublevel caving is extensive, compared to other mining methods.However, development is mainly drifting to prepare sublevels. Drifting is a simple and routine job for the mechanised mine. Development of sublevels is done efficiently, in an environment of multiple faces on one sublevel available to drill rigs and loaders. A ramp connection is needed to connect different sublevels, and communicate with main transport routes. Ore passes are also required, at strategically locations along sublevels, for LHD-loaders to dump ore from sublevels, to be collected and transported on the haulage level below. —————————————————————————– ————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 4 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence Longhole rigs drill the ore section above the drift, in a fan spread pattern. Longhole drilling is a procedure which is done independent of other jobs, often well ahead of charging. Thus, drilling and charging-blasting longholes can be timed to suit the mine’s production schedules.Blasting on each sublevel starts at the hanging wall, mining then retreats toward the footwall. Miners aim the cave to follow an approximately straight front, and adjacent d rifts mined at similar pace. A section through the cave to show upper sublevels one step ahead of sublevels underneath. Blasting the longhole fan breaks the ore volume covered by the fan-pattern. As the cave is filled with fractured rock, most of the fresh ore remains in the cave, while some caves into the drift opening. Mucking out with LHD-loaders creates a cave pattern of ore and waste from above.Loading continues until the operator decides that waste dilution is too high, and stops the mucking, and transfers to a nearby drift heading with a fresh cave. In the meantime, the empty heading is occupied by the charging team, to charge next ring of longholes. Ore handling involves mucking out at the cave, transport on sublevels and dumping into ore passes. Waste dilution and ore losses are drawbacks for sublevel caving. Waste dilution varies between 15 and 40%, ore losses from 15 % to 25 %, depending on local conditions. Dilution is of less influence for orebodies with diffuse boundar ies, where the host rock contains low grades minerals.Parameters directly influence flow behaviour have been found to include the geometry of the extraction layout and drives, sublevel height, blast ring design, material characteristics of the blasted and waste material, and draw control methodology. In most of the sublevel caving system blasting parameters dominate in association with recovery when compared to drawpoint and geological parameters. Generally, sublevel caving method employs use of fan drilling using long and smalldiameter holes, between sublevels or drill drifts to undercut and blast the ore-zone. An initial slot is developed at the wallrock, and vertical uphole fans are rilled in a diamond pattern from sublevel in sequence. Generally, eight holes, inclined 80 to 85 degrees toward the slot, are drilled. Hole diameter average 51 mm, Burden and Spacing vary from 1. 2 to 1. 8 m and 1. 5 to 1. 8 m respectively. Blasting is performed against broken waste rock as wall rock caves. Generally, specific-charge range from 0. 3 to 0. 4 kg/ton. 4. Below are some salient features of Sublevel caving technique: Application * Weak walls and strong ore preferred though weak ore can be mined too. * Steep dip: A vertical dip is best, while dip>60 is fine too.Possibility of loss of ore in non-vertical steep dips Considerable loss of reserves in flat dips * Preferably, the ore and the rock should be easily separable * Surface should be amenable to caving (not an inhabited or the watershed area etc) ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 5 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence Development * Signif icant. Almost 20% of the ore is mine during development * Sublevels are established generally at 7. -12. 2 m vertical intervals and about 10. 7 m horizontal intervals The vertical interval is dependent on the drilling accuracy and the dip of the orebody The horizontal and vertical spacings affect the eccentricity of the cave * The size and shape of the production drift affects the draw Drift should be as wide as possible Should give good support to the back and the brows If the back is arched, the draw is mostly at the center and none on the sides If the back has to be arched for ground support, the drifts should be closer Ore remnants left behind (due to being out of reach of LHD’s) increase with height.Therefore, drift height should be as small as possible (usually about 3-3. 2 m). * Slot raises are driven at the hanging wall end of the production drift all the way up to the next level * Haulage levels driven in waste In wide orebodies, transverse layouts may be used (ore w idths should be > 12-15 m) Here, the production drifts are perpendicular to the strike Recovery better than longitudinal layouts Haulage drift in waste (footwall), about 9 m from ore contact. This distance is maintained so that blasting does not occur too close to it.Diamond drilling is done to obtain ore boundaries so that the haulage drift is neither too close nor too far away. o o * Ramps may be driven at 15 -18 , to production levels to provide access * Long, fan holes drilled 70-80 degrees forward (about 8 holes Production totaling 100 m in a ring) * Side holes, if drilled, should be steeper than 70 degree Side holes reduce length of holes driven up from the level below If flat holes drilled to the sides, however, the blasted material from the side holes cannot be extracted from the working level.Therefore, the neighboring fan hole blasted material does not get enough room to expand * Brows should be supported if necessary If brows collapse, ore floods the drift and covers some rings Also, the loader has problems loading as the ore does not stack high If brows are uneven, the ore funnels down the high spots ——————————————————————————————————- 6 Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence If sloughing or high brows are noticed from development, it may be decided to blast more than 2 rings just to advance through the area * If drilling is not accurate, a bridge/arch may be left in the stope Re-slotting may become necessary * Powder factor high as blasting is always against blasted muck (almost twice that of blasting against an open face) * LHD’s used for mucking * Good ventilation necessary as all working faces are dead ends * Productivity is quite high (about 36 ton/miner-shift) Comments * High dilution from caved waste.Ore losses occur as well since not all mined ore can be recovered. * Ore/waste flow cannot be predicted accurately prior to mining. * Probably the most economical when mining in weak strata * Development openings are not kept open for the entire life of mine. Once a level is extracted, the development openings are consumed. * Safe, since all mining activities are in small, protected openings. * High degree of mechanization possible. 5. Discussion on ore flow, drilling and blasting for efficient workings: * Fragmentation is of key importance to sublevel cave stope.Proper fragmentation of the ore column resulted in improved efficiency for the other mine operations and was critical to recovery. * Underground observations indicate that the draw-points must be wide enough to account for inconsistent blast results and provide regular flow. * The dr aw-point width determines the width and flow strength of the central channel which is important to achieving high recovery of the ring. * The middle holes of the ring are fired first and can make first use of the swell volume offered by the underlying sublevel drift. * The central holes are drilled subvertical, fairly parallel, and relatively close to one another.The result is a relatively high and uniform specific charge compared to the other holes in the round. Thus, one would expect the best, most uniform fragmentation. * The ore material in the central part of the round can make the best use of the effect of gravity in directing it to the drawpoint. * All of the material in the fan is drilled and blasted. * Because of the fan geometry, the amount of explosive/unit volume and hence the fragmentation varies throughout the fan. * The ore material in the centre part of the fan and the lower part of the fan has a much higher specific charge than that at the boundaries of the ring. Fu rthermore, the â€Å"cave† which lies in front of the blasted slice is an eclectic mixture of waste rock and ore remnants. * Its mobility varies with location and with time (it changes with the extraction geometry). ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 7 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence * Finally, most rock materials upon being blasted would like to bulk (swell) of the order of 50%. In sublevel caving, it is the sublevel drift located at the bottom end of the fan which is the primary provider of swell space for the ore in the ring. * It has been observed that, increased amounts of oversize in the r ing decreases recovery, proving the importance of proper fragmentation for sublevel cave operation. * Recoveries could be less than 60% if the ring is composed of 30% oversize. The oversize in the draw-point reduces the mobility of the ore, thus preventing high recovery. * Effective blast patterns also take into consideration the amount of benching. High powder factors are also required to reduce benching but may create excessive blast damage and over-break. * Practical solutions, such as, the blast pattern, blasthole size, primer sequencing, powder factor and degree of fragmentation are to be considered in order to be efficient. 6. Design parameters and some preliminary design rules – Design parameters in sublevel caving are largely a function of caving mechanics, the branch of rock mechanics related to the breakage and collapse of consolidated materials in place and their flow downward by gravity.Although, the ore has to be drilled and blasted, the overlying rock comprising capping or hanging wall is undercut and caves. Extremely careful controls must be exercised in drawing the ore to avoid excessive dilution. Draw control is the practice of regulating the withdrawal of ore in the sublevel crosscuts so as to optimize the economics of draw. Preliminary design rules: * Sublevel drift size (width (Wd) and height (Hd): determined based on equipment. * Sublevel interval (HS): the theoretical maximum value is based on the ability to drill long, straight holes.This, in turn, is based on the hole diameter (D). The actual limit is based on recovery and dilution considerations which are due to managing ore/waste pulsation. * Hole diameter (D): based on the available drilling equipment and the ability to charge long holes. * Spacing of the sublevel drifts (Sd): Sd = (2. 4 to 2. 7) Wd * Ring spacing (Burden B): Based upon the damage radius (Rd): B = 2 Rd Where: Rd/rh = 20 ( Peexp/PeANFO)? ( 2. 65/? rock)? ? Rd = damage radius (m); rh = hole radius (m); Peexp = e xplosion pressure for the explosive; PeANFO = explosion pressure for ANFO = 1600 MPa; ? ock = rock density (g/cm3); 2. 65 = density of typical rock (g/cm3). * Hole toe spacing (ST): based upon the burden ST = 1. 3 B. * Spacing for parallel holes (SP): based upon the burden SP = B. * Front inclination: 70–80 degrees (forward). Example: If it is assumed that: D = 115 mm; Drift dimensions: 7 m wide by 5 m high; Explosive: emulsion (Pe Exp = 3900 MPa); Rock density = 4. 6 g/cm3; Sublevel interval: 25 m based on drilling ability and control of pulsation. ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. ail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 8 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence One finds that the remaining dimensions are: Sublevel drift spacing: 17–19 m; Burden: 2. 7 m; Toe spacing (fanned): 3. 5 m; Toe spacing (parallel): 3 m; Front inclination: 80 degree selected. 7. Experience from LKAB, Sweden – Sub-level caving (SLC) is an important mass mining method, used at LKAB. The caved rock or debris at the SLC interface reduces the fragmentation and the swelling of the blasted ring and it dissipates the explosive energy.These phenomena may immobilize the blasted ring, causing ore losses. There are two major factors that influence the mobilization of the blasted ring, fragmentation and swelling of the blasted material. The caving process is influenced by also the stiffness of the waste rock, which is dependent in some way by the compaction that the blast ring contributes to. By using the acoustic impedance between the blasted material and the confining debris, a relationship for both fragmentation and compaction have been fou nd depending on material, specific charge and physical properties of the debris.Regression analysis has been used for both tasks, where the two statistical hypotheses clearly have good agreement with actual data i. e. the prediction models can forecast both the fragmentation and compaction for this set-up with reasonable accuracy The results can be comparable with confined blasting in large scale, this both that it have representative design parameters that fulfil in many ways the scaling laws and the second is that it can be linked to other comparisons between large-scale and small-scale, where the similarities have been shown.LKAB’s Malmberget – The Malmberget mine consists of about 20 orebodies, of which ten are currently mined. Most of the deposit consists of magnetite ore, but non-magnetic hematite also occurs. The present main level of the Malmberget mine is at a depth of 1000 meters. About 14 Mt of crude ore is extracted from the orebodies each year. Development – The first stage of mining is drift development. A drift is a tunnel that is driven into the rock. Development involves construction of new areas of the mine where ore can be extracted.A development project begins with construction documents prepared by the mine planning department. Each year, the mine planning department orders development work on the basis of the forecast demand for products as well as current knowledge of the status of the orebody. A development drift goes right through the orebody. Drifts are driven with electrichydraulic drill rigs. For each charge, as many as 60 holes are drilled. Each hole is about 5 meters deep. When all the holes are drilled, they are charged with explosives. The charge is blasted at night. The loose ore is then hauled out by a front loader.This procedure is repeated until the entire development drift has been driven. The drifts can be up to 80 meters long. If necessary, the walls and ceiling of the drift are reinforced with rock b olts and/or shotcrete. When development is complete, i. e. , when several drifts have been driven in the same area, the next stage of mining can begin; namely, production drilling. ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. ordpress. com/ 9 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence Production drilling – Slices of ore are drilled up with remote-controlled production drilling rigs. From their control rooms, the operators (drillers) operate several drill rigs out in the production areas via remote control. The rig drills upwards into the ore, forming fan-shaped patterns of holes. There are 10 drill holes in each series. They are no rmally about 40-45 meters deep. The holes are straight, so that subsequent charging with explosive and blasting can be done efficiently.When a pattern of holes has been drilled, the rig is moved back three meters, then drilling of the next pattern begins. About 20 of these patterns will be drilled in an 80-meter drift. Once drilling is completed in the entire drift, the holes can charged with explosive. Blasting – A robot injects explosive into the drill holes in one pattern. The explosive is manufactured by LKAB’s own explosives company. Blasting is done every night. Each round brings down about 10,000 tonnes of ore. When the blast has been ventilated, loading with wheeled loaders can begin.Then, the next pattern is charged, etc. The procedure is repeated until the entire drift has been mined out. 8. Conclusion – Caving methods have become the underground bulk mining methods of choice and expected to continue in the foreseeable future. The growing popularity of caving methods around the world is largely due to the very low production cost and the intrinsic safety associated with this mining approach. It is often the only viable mining method for some of the lower grade massive orebodies that are becoming too deep for open pit mining. Caving of strong rock masses has ecome accepted practice even though there are still some challenges to be resolved. Strategically, most medium and large mining companies are operating or planning to operate a caving mine. Codelco's El Teniente mine in Chile and the LKAB Kiruna Mine in Sweden are among the largest and most famous caving operations in the world. Australia’s leading caving operations include Rio Tinto's Northparkes mines, BHP Billiton Nickel West's Perseverance Mine and Newcrest's Telfer and Ridgeway gold mines. References: * Kvapil, R , â€Å"Subleve l Caving†, Underground Mining Methods Handbook. â€Å"d Edit ion, Vol. 2. , H. L. Hartman, ed. , SME. Littleton, CO, 1992, p. 1789 . * Geddes, P. J. , â€Å"Swedish Drilling and Blasting Practice†, Trans. Int. Min. Metail. , 1 986, Sect. A. , V. 95, p. 204-207. * Alatalo. R. , Heden, H. and Ronnback, L. , ‘large Scale Sublevel Caving in LKAB Malmberget Mine†, Proc. Int. Sym. Large Scale Underground hfining, Nov. 1985, V. 7. Lulea, p. 139- 145. * Baase, R. A. , Diment, W. D. , and Petrina, A. J. , â€Å"Sublevel Caving at Craigmont Mines Ltd. â€Å", Underground Mining Methods Handbook, W. A. Hustrulid, ed.. SME, New York, 1982, p. 898. Chatterjee, P. K. , Just, G. D. , and Ham, G. I.. ‘Sub-level caving simulation of 3000 pillar-recovery operation at Mount Isa mine. Australia†. Tram inst . min. & Met.. Sect. A. , V. 88.. Oct. 1979, p. Al47-Al55. —————————————————————————————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- 10 Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: [email  protected] com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence * Cox, LA. , â€Å"Latest Developments and Draw Control in Sublevel Caving†, Trans.Int. Min Metall. , 1967, V. 76, p. A149-159. * Hustrulid. A. , â€Å"Sublevel Cave Mining at LKAB Kinina Mine†. iNCO presentation Aug. 1995. * Bull, G. and Page, C. H. (2000) Sublevel caving – today’s dependable low-cost ‘ore factory’, in Proceedings MassMin 2000, G. Chitombo (ed), 29 October to 2 November 2000, Brisbane, Australia, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, pp. 537–556. * Hustrulid, W. and Kvapil, R. (2008) Sublevel Caving – past and future, in Proceedings 5th International Conference and Exhibition on Mass Mining, MassMin 2008, H. Schunnesson and

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Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability

12 Develop Workplace Policy amp; Procedures for Sustainability BSBSUS501A Table of Contents PART 1:...........................................................................................................pg. 3-10 Introduction....................................................................................................pg. 3 Benefits of a Sustainability Policy................................................................pg. 4-5 Methods of Consultation/Communication of the policy.............................pg. 5-6 Set of Procedures that will Ensure Improvement in Resource Efficiency..pg. 6-8 Methods Used to Track amp; Monitor Continuous Improvement...................pg. 8-9†¦show more content†¦Financial Impacts: The integration of the recommended policy can be undertaken within council’s existing budget or through opportunities for external funding at either a local or regional level. Another significant factor is the savings on power, electricity, and resources in the long run. Risk Assessment: Simply no risks have been identified. By providing tools for the consideration of sustainability in all aspects of WCC processes, this project has the potential to enhance WCC’s risk management processes. Methods of Consultation/Communication of the policy WCC have a wide range of key stakeholders, thus continual engagement with these stakeholders is an absolute must. As is why there is a need for a variety of methods to be put in place in order to have continual consultation with all levels of stakeholders. WCC must engage staff of levels including Executive, senior and middle management groups as well as other staff from various departments. Methods of Consultation will include: * Regular work group meetings * One local and one regional workshop WCC, facilitated by external company experts in implementation and training in Sustainability Policies. * One on one interviews * One on one meetings * Informative projectShow MoreRelatedDevelop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Essay4640 Words   |  19 PagesName: Christopher Buxton Course Title: Diploma of Management Unit Code: Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Unit Code: BSBSU501A Assessment1. 1. Review the case study information provided and determine all legislative and regulatory documents that describe compliance requirements for this company. 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Transmitting the desires of the board, as expressed through policy, into actual business practices is challenging. It requires analyzing the existing way of doing business, what the desired result is, and

Short Story - 912 Words

A well-groomed African-American man in his mid-fifties named ‘Kyle Aldridge’ was working the late 9:00 pm to 5:00 am shift at the local petrol station. He was halfway through his shift having served less than a dozen customers. Then an old angry eyed man approached Kyle. When the old man directly stared at a small skull tattoo on the front of Kyle’s left forearm and then whispered to Kyle, â€Å"Your Mum isn’t here to help you.† It sent shivers and Goosebumps up and down Kyles back. In part, it was the deep-dark tone of the young man’s voice. However, it was the words the man used. Your Mum isn’t here to help you†¦ The words seemed so recognizable to Kyle, but it was couched deep, deep in the cubicles of his mind. He couldn’t quite identify†¦show more content†¦However, he didn’t think Canada was the place either. But, he did remember what occurred. He was just going to rob anything inside the boy’s house. He had a mask and gloves on, and defiantly didn’t want to do what he did. However, the boy had a loving and caring mom, which annoyed and angered Kyle. As he never had a mom and was an orphan in a very abusive family. So, he quickly decided to change what he had planned. Kyle had brought his trustful black Glock nine to the robbery, with that he violently forced the poor mother to tie up her son, and then hit her with the gun over the head as the son while crying watched. After the mom slowly recovered from the concussion, Kyle had gotten bored of her, so he slowly choked her to death. The boy was screaming†¦., â€Å"mum please help!!!† while Kyle approached him. Then he whispered to the sobbing boy. Your mom isn’t here to help you. He defiantly made a mistake by not killing the boy, but he wanted the boy to remember what happened to his loving and caring mother. This wasn’t Kyle’ s first murder he had committed, but ultimately got arrested for getting caught with an unregistered gun and from check fraud, not from any of the murders or robberies or beatings that he done. He spent ten years at the Stratford centre of corrections, and when he was released he did odd jobs and low level cons to support himself. And at that instant his heart started pumping in his chestShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Analysis Of The E-Commerce Websites OZSALE And Implementation

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of The Current E-Commerce Websites And The Implementation Strategy. Answer: Introduction E-commerce is the type of business that can be conducted online (Chiu et al. 2014). The business for the organizations can be easily conducted by the online transactions that take place on the website. The system consists of the following features such as mobile business, online transactions and also conducting online payments. It is a very important part of the business for can kind of business organization. The report is used for the discussion of the analysis of the current e-commerce websites and the implementation strategy for the formation of the e-commerce website. The OZSALE is used for the report as the E-Commerce website. The report consists of the discussion about the current situations of the OZSALE website and the information which they should use for the formation of a new website. In addition to this some recommendations for the organization are provided in the essay for transforming the current website from national to international level. OZSALE website The E-commerce is a very important platform for the small and the medium sized business website that are important for the development of the socio-economic growth of a population (Fang et al. 2014). The medium sized organizations are the most important part of a countries economy. With the steady development in the internet there has also been a steady development in the growth of the e-commerce businesses. There has been a major development in the business to business and the business to consumer e-commerce models. With the growth in the E-Commerce the business opportunities for the Small and Medium Enterprises have also developed to a great level. In addition to this the E-Commerce websites have provided great opportunities to the start-ups and the entrepreneurs in the business. These companies can go online to explore new areas of the business and the new target market for their businesses. In addition to this, the businesses that have the off line set up can very easily avail th e online part of the business. The OZSALE has used this concepts very easily. The OZSALE is the number one shopping website in Australia. It provides the doorstep delivery to the customers. The website that is created by the organization for the sale of their products is very effective. The website also has a very user friendly layout providing the users with very easy accessibility of the website. The users can very easily log in to the website. They can just use their Facebook accounts to become a member of the website. The people can find a variety of product on the website. The products of the company are divided into different categories in the website. The users can browse through the different categories in the website and also select their desired product and order it online. In addition to this, the users also can provide their information and can store it in the websites databases. The Business features of the Company The Company does their business online (Huang and Benyoucef, 2013). The customers of the company can choose their choice of products from their online services and the products are delivered to their doorsteps. The website allows the company and the customers to communicate with each other. The website also provides efficient payment options for the customers online. The website also provides an option of inviting a friend and obtaining a reward of 20%. This would improve the business of the company. The website also provides their customers free membership. The positive and negative aspects of the website The positive aspects of the website are (Hannak et al. 2014): The website is very easily accessible and the browsing through the products in the website are also very easy. The website provides a very useful checkout option to the users. The website also categorizes the products efficiently. The website also provides a very attractive outlook. The negative aspects of the websites are: The products are very limited. The branded products are very costly in the website. The website does not provide the customer with an option of Cash on delivery. Analysis of the website design The website is designed in ASP.NET. The user interface of the website have been designed very efficiently and the navigation options of the website are also very efficient. In addition to this the website would have been much more if the website was being designed in PHP language. The website also provides the users the option of blogging this would be very useful for the users as they would be able to know about the reviews of the product (Xiao and Benbasat, 2014). They would also be able to discuss about the products and also availability of the new products in the market. In addition to this the website provides the user to interact with the website with their social network accounts. This would be helping the users to have to register to the website again and again. In addition to this the website does not provide the users the option of the cash on delivery option and this is very in efficient on the part of the website. The website would be very efficient as the developers have provided a very efficient navigations for the users. The overall development of the website has been very efficient. But, there are some small requirements of the website on updating those features the website could be more efficient. Comparison of the current Business model and the website life cycle The Website life cycle has four major stages: Planning, Building, Sustaining and Improving. In the planning phase the requirements of the users, the technical integration of the systems, the designing of the system, content of the system, promotion of the system and the marketing of the system are involved (Li and Karahanna, 2015). In the current website these processes were performed very efficiently. The designing of the website is very efficient. The navigation of the website is very efficient and the categorization of the products of the company are very efficient. In the building phase of the website is generally involved with the documentation of the website and the preparation of the content of the website, and the project management for the website project is also done in this phase. The current business model that is in place for the company is efficient and also the contents of the company are very efficient. This would be useful for the customers to use. The Sustaining phase of the website involves the promotion of the website and also the day-to day management of the website and also involved in this stage is the marketing of the products in the website. The OZSALE website is very nicely designed and also the website design is very attractive. Hence, this would be attracting the customers effectively. The website is also updated regularly and hence, the maintenance of the website is done very efficiently. The Improving stages involve the research, website testing and the innovation of the website. The company hence requires a lot of research on the improvement of the website and also the website requires improvement on the cash on delivery part. And hence, the improving stage of the website is on progress. E-Commerce implementation strategy The Business of the organization is only available within Australia and hence, if the company is looking to expand its business than they should look to incorporate with the international courier service providers. This would help to deliver their products outside the continent. This would also try to satisfy their overseas customers. The company should also look to increase their range of products and also should look to introduce new brands to their array of products. The company should look to incorporate the cash on delivery options for their customers. All these improvement would be helping the company to grow their business. Recommendation For the improvement of the overall efficiency of the business some recommendations are provided. International courier services: The Company should try to incorporate with the international courier services that would be helping the company to grow on the international level. Cash on delivery: the company should look to provide the customers the option of the cash on delivery. This would be helping the company to grow their business. The customers of the company would be more satisfied with the company by this procedures. Increase Products: The Company should try to increase the range of products that are offered by them. This would allow more brands to incorporate with the company and also increase the customer satisfactions. Conclusion For conclusion it can be said that the company identified for this report is the OZSALE Company. The e-commerce business and the analysis of the company is also done in this report. In addition to this, the report contains the pros and cons of the company website. Additionally, the company is looking to expand its business worldwide and hence, the possible recommendations for the company to expand its business is provided in this report. References Barreira, J., Martins, J., Gonalves, R., Branco, F. and Cota, M.P., 2016, October. Analysis, Specification and Design of an e-Commerce Platform That Supports Lve Product Customization. In International Conference on Software Process Improvement (pp. 267-274). Springer International Publishing. Chiu, C.M., Wang, E.T., Fang, Y.H. and Huang, H.Y., 2014. Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk. Information Systems Journal, 24(1), pp.85-114. Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., Sun, H., McCole, P., Ramsey, E. and Lim, K.H., 2014. Trust, Satisfaction, and Online Repurchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Effectiveness of E-Commerce Institutional Mechanisms. Mis Quarterly, 38(2), pp.407-427. Gomez-Herrera, E., Martens, B. and Turlea, G., 2014. The drivers and impediments for cross-border e-commerce in the EU. Information Economics and Policy, 28, pp.83-96. Hannak, A., Soeller, G., Lazer, D., Mislove, A. and Wilson, C., 2014, November. Measuring price discrimination and steering on e-commerce web sites. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on internet measurement conference (pp. 305-318). ACM. Hartono, E., Holsapple, C.W., Kim, K.Y., Na, K.S. and Simpson, J.T., 2014. Measuring perceived security in B2C electronic commerce website usage: A respecification and validation. Decision Support Systems, 62, pp.11-21. Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 12(4), pp.246-259. Li, S.S. and Karahanna, E., 2015. Online recommendation systems in a B2C E-commerce context: a review and future directions. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 16(2), p.72. Maity, M. and Dass, M., 2014. Consumer decision-making across modern and traditional channels: E-commerce, m-commerce, in-store. Decision Support Systems, 61, pp.34-46. Xiao, B. and Benbasat, I., 2014. Research on the use, characteristics, and impact of e-commerce product recommendation agents: A review and update for 20072012. In Handbook of Strategic e-Business Management (pp. 403-431). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Marketing Principles Of Business Organizations - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Principles Of Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction Contemporary business organizations are not only selling their products to the customers, but also determining the requirement and trend of the market to offer products accordingly. This is due to the fact that, the current market scenario is of customers era rather than being the manufacturers era. Thus, it is important for the organizations to target the specific market effectively and determining the preferences and requirement of the target market (Chan, Kwong Dillon, 2012). It will help them to provide service that is more effective to their customers. Another aspect that has been considered by the contemporary business organizations is the marketing of their products (Baker, 2014). This is due to the reason that, the current market scenario is much more complex and competitive. Emergence of several competitors in the market forces the business organizations to effectively market their products to attract more customers and to stay ahead in the competition. Coca cola is one of the leading multinational organizations in the current business scenario. They mainly operate in the market of carbonated soft drinks. They are being considered as a truly global organization with having presence in every major region around the world. The effectiveness and distinctive nature of their marketing activities have caught several eyeballs and are being considered as benchmark. This report will discuss about the marketing policies of Coca cola along with considering the marketing mix of them. Evaluation of the macro environment for Coca cola will also be done in relation to the Australian region. The marketing strategies implemented by them will be discussed in order to determine the effectiveness of them. Micro environmental analysis Customers Customers for coca cola comprise from all age groups and income groups. People looking for non alcoholic refreshment will be their customers. In addition, sports people and working people looking for instant refreshment are also included as the customers for coca cola. The customers for coca cola are mainly influenced by personal, social and psychological factors. This is due to the reason that, the brand value and penetration of the coca cola is so effective that people looking for refreshment will first recall the brand of coca cola, which is the personal buying behavior (Tingchi et al., 2013). Accordingly, the society is also influenced by the presence of coca cola and it is been seen as the most effective option to fulfill the thirst. The brand marketing of them is being done in such way that, coca cola is being portrayed as the thirst quenching beverage which will also act as complimentary for enhancing happiness. Thus, it is being effectively associated itself with the happines s in the society. It has positive influence on the psychological state of the customers. Competitors One of the key competitors for coca cola is Pepsi which is also offering similar products to the market. Pepsi is also operating in the various regions with having positive brand value in the market. However, in terms of the market share, Pepsi is much behind of coca cola. Other competitors such as Nestle and Dr. Pepper Snapple are also far behind in terms of the competition. As of 2016, the annual net revenue of coca cola is US$ 41863 million (Hollensen, 2015). Figure: 1 Market share in the soft drinks industry Company The main strength of coca cola is their brand equity. Coca cola is being considered as the most prominent valuable brand in the world (Huang Sarigollu, 2014). Thus, with the help of the brand equity, it is easier for them to operate in the market and push new products in the market. Another strength for them is their presence around the world. Coca cola is being available in every major regions and the market penetration of them is very high and effective. However, they are also having some weakness also which includes the less diversified product portfolio. Their major competitor Pepsi has market presence in the snacks and food sector also. On the other hand, coca cola is only catering with their portfolio of beverages. Moreover, the absence of health drinks in their portfolio will also have adverse effect on their business due to the reason that majority of the customers are shifting for the health drinks from the carbonated soft drinks. SWOT analysis Strengths Huge brand equity. Huge market penetration. Global presence. Market leadership status. Unique marketing activities. Effective distribution mechanism. Weaknesses Having close substitutes. Different private level brands. Lower diversification of products. Issues with water management. Opportunities Introduction of health and energy drinks. Increasing operations in the developing economies. Introduction of the packaged drinking water. Pushing new products under the same brand. Threats Issue with water sourcing. Emergence of new competitors. Introduction of strict rules regarding the soft drinks. Change in taste and preference pattern of the customers. Macro environmental analysis Macro environment refers to the external environment in which organizations have to operate in the global market. It includes political economical, legal, technological, environmental and some others factors. These are the factors, which cannot be controlled by the operating organizations. Thus, it is important for the business organizations to effectively determine the external environment and effectively adhere with it. To determine the external factor being faced by Coca cola in Australia, political, economical and socio cultural factors will be discussed using the PESTLE analysis. Political factors The political environment in Australia is stable and favorable for the business environment. Moreover, the business friendly attitude of the government and initiation of various business friendly policies is further helping the business organizations in operating in Australia (Keating Loughlin, 2013). However, one of the key factors that should be considered by Coca cola is the issuance of more stringent rules and regulations by the government. With the emergence for more complexities in the current business scenario, government is issuing stricter rules, which can pose challenge for the business organizations. Economical factors Being a developed country, the economical environment in Australia is favorable for the business environment. The per capita income and gross domestic product of Australia is showing positive trend in the recent years (Schneider, 2013). The annual GDP growth rate of Australia is 2.8 percent as of 2016. Thus, the market potential for the business environment is favorable and increasing in the recent years. Development of the economy will lead to increase in the purchasing power of the customers. Thus, the demand for the products will be more. However, emergence of the economic crisis in the global business scenario in the recent times will pose challenges for the business organizations. Thus, this type of crisis will adversely affect the business potential for Coca cola as well as other organizations. Socio cultural factors In the present era of globalization, majority of the countries are being influenced by the global culture. Thus, it will be a huge opportunities for the multinational organizations in offering their global product portfolio to the Australian market (Mak, Lumbers Eves, 2012). Organizations such as Coca cola will have more market for their globalized products. However, one of the key issues that may be faced by coca cola in operating in the Australian market is the change in the taste and preference pattern of the customers. More and more customers in the Australian market are opting for healthier options such fruit drinks over the carbonated soft drinks (Lopez Fantuzzi, 2012). This is due to the reason that customer awareness regarding the bad effects of the carbonated soft drinks is increasing. Thus, it will pose challenge for the business operations for coca cola. Marketing strategy of coca cola Marketing strategy involves by the business organizations to attract more number of customers effectively. Moreover, in the present business scenario, marketing involve not only promoting the products but also determining the requirement of the customers and classification of the customers based on various aspects (Kumar et al., 2012). Marketing strategy involves various criterions such as segmenting, targeting, positioning and differentiation, which all will be discussed in the following sections. Segmentation strategy In the present business scenario, majority of the business organizations segments their target market prior to the initiation of the marketing activities. Segmentation refers to the concept of choosing a certain section of the potential customers based on some particular aspects, which will be similar to the approach being possessed by the organization (Wedel Kamakura, 2012). It helps the organization to effectively determine the requirement of the target segment and offer products accordingly. Segmentation strategy by Coca cola Coca cola involves geographic, demographic and psychographic segmentation policies in order to effectively segmenting the available customer base. In the case of the geographic segmentation, coca cola targets majority of the regions around the world (Cliquet, 2013). This is due to the fact that, the products being offered by coca cola is having universal acceptance in the market. Moreover, soft drinks are being accepted in every cultures and social traditions. Thus, they do not face any cultural or social barriers. Moreover, coca cola is having diverse product portfolio, which is being offered in different regions according to the local taste and preference. For instance, they offers berry and lemon flavored drinks in Wales. In the case of demographic segmentation, they mainly target the customers having age group between 15-25. However, they are offering various products based on the preference pattern of the customers across different age groups (Sandy, Gosling Durant, 2013). For instance, coca cola offers diet coke for the more health conscious people from the higher age group. For the psychographic segmentation, coca cola involves effective marketing and promotional activities in order to create and enhance the brand awareness. They have created their brand image in such way that coca cola as a brand is more of creating positive impression than its utility. Thus, young generation is more attracted by this concept. Targeting the chosen segment Having selected the chosen market segments, the next step for the marketers is to effectively target the segments by reaching out to them with the help of marketing activities according to their taste and preferences. Targeting helps the organizations in effectively reaching out to the chosen segments (Hassan Craft, 2012). The more effective will be the target strategies, the more will be the customer loyalty. Target strategy by coca cola To target the chosen age group of 15 to 25, coca cola have joined hand with other brand having presence among the younger generation such as McDonalds. It helps them in offering their products with the other leading brands, which results in more brand awareness among the target segments. The advertisements of coca cola are also designed keeping in mind the considerations of the young generations. Thus, they design their advertisements as adventurous and joyful which will attract more customers in the targeted segments. Differentiation strategy Differentiation strategy is more important for the contemporary business organizations due to the reason that, in the presence of several competitors, differentiation will help to create unique image in the market and attract more number of customers (Valipour, Birjandi Honarbakhsh, 2012). In the case of coca cola, they have initiated various strategies in order to differentiate their products in the market. They complimented their products as symbol of joy and happiness. The initiation of distinctive retailing such as vending machine also created distinctive image. Brand promotion by sponsoring various events and with the help of various celebrities helped them to stand out among the crowd (Sola, 2012). Their competitive advantages include market leadership status, co-creation strategies and initiation of distinctive marketing campaigns is helping them to differentiate their products in the market. Brand positioning Brand positioning is the concept of effectively position the products in the mind of the customers in such a way that it will match with the characteristics of the products and will have positive outcome (Maarit Jalkala Keranen, 2014). Different brand positioning strategies will help the similar products in the market to have different outcomes. In the case of coca cola, they positioned their products more as tastier products rather than having products with lower calorie count. Figure: 2 Brand positing map of coca cola Marketing mix Marketing mix constitute of product, price, place and promotion. All of these four aspects are required for the business organizations in order to effectively operate in the market. Marketing mix helps in designing all the four aspects effectively and in coordination with each other (Gordon, 2012). The more effective will be the marketing mix, the more will be the holistic marketing activities of the organizations in the market. All the four aspects of marketing mix will be discussed in the following sections. Product Product is the main component which creates value for the customers and generates revenues for the organizations (Gordon, 2012). Coca cola caters to the customers with their range of convenience products. This is due to the reason that, there is no requirement of prior planning for buying coca cola by the customers and it targets to a large section of the customers. According to the product life cycle, coca cola is having different products in different categories of product life cycle (Stark, 2015). The coke classic is the oldest product of them and it is in the maturity stage due to the reason of having high demand of it. This is the effectiveness of coca cola to extend the life cycle of their products. Diet coke the other hand went quickly to the decline stage due to fewer acceptances in the market. Coca cola life is on the introduction stage and coke zero is one the growth stage. According to the three levels of products, the core benefit of coca cola is their taste which is unmatched and unique in the market. The actual product is the beverage that they are providing. Moreover, according to the market trend, they have change their designs and color of their beverages and bottles. However, the taste remained same. The augmented product offered by them is the brand value and status and trendiness being garnered by the customers. Place Place in the marketing mix is important to provide convenience to the customers. Distribution channels are included in it (Gordon, 2012). Coca cola involves intensive distribution strategy to Cater to more number of customers. It enables them to be available in more number of markets around the world. However, coca cola involves indirect channel of distribution in operating in the market. Some of the key advantages that they derive from it are less responsibility and cost required in distribution, catering to more number of regions due to high penetration of the third party vendors and increased customer convenience. Price Price is the value that is to be paid by the customers for the products. Pricing should be done in accordance to the target market (Gordon, 2012). The pricing strategy involved by coca cola is made in consideration to the mass markets. Thus, majority of the products are being accessible by the mass-market customers. However, products of them such as powergrade are being targeted for the higher end sports people. Thus, pricing is being done to cater to more number of customers. Coca cola involves competition based pricing strategies due to the reason that, the market for soft drinks is intensely competitive with the presence of several close substitute products. Moreover, due to the fact that soft drinks are basically targeted for the mass market and are priced lower, thus Coca cola involves competition based pricing in order to stay ahead in the competition. The nature of market for coca cola is monopolistic competitive and thus effective pricing strategies are important to attract t he customers. Price for them is being determined by the market force. In the introduction of the new products, coca cola follows the penetration pricing strategies in order to penetrate the market for the new product. This is due to the reason that, the majority of the products of coca cola is lower priced for mass market and all the products for them are in the same product line. Thus, price-skimming strategy will not be applicable for them. The motive of their introductory products is to penetrate market as much as possible in less time. Promotion Promotion refers to the activities to increase the identity and exposure of the particular promoted product among the customers. The more effective will be the promotion, the more will be the awareness for the product in the market. As discussed earlier, distinctive promotional activities are being involved by coca cola to effectively attract the customers. Their promotional strategies involve various sponsored events, celebrity endorsements, extensive advertisements and co-creation strategies (Kalafatis et al., 2012). Promotions mix includes various mode of promotion such as advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations and direct marketing. All of these modes are having their own set of advantages as well as disadvantages. Among all of these options, coca cola involves advertising, sales promotion and public relation. Due to their involvement of major mode of promotion, they can cater to the large of audience effectively. The key advantages of advertising and sal es promotion are the effectiveness of the activities as well as covering more target audience. However, limitation includes involvement of huge cost and determining the cultural diversity among the target market. Figure: 3 Promotion mix. Recommendations The current strategies being involved by them are effective for them in marketing their products. However, there are some areas for improvement is being identified. One of the key areas is the introduction of the health drinks. This is due to the reason that, majority of the existing customers is preferring health drinks over the carbonated drinks. Thus, coca cola should come up with health drinks brand. Another issue is the calorie count of the existing products. Coca cola should reduce the calorie count of their existing products to retain the existing customers. Conclusion Having discussed the marketing strategies being involved by coca cola, it can be concluded that they have initiated distinctive approach in reaching out to their customers. The marketing mix and strategies initiated by them in according to their target market. Segmentation and positioning of their products are also been done effectively to target the chosen market effectively. However, some issues have been identified which should be rectified in order to increase the business potential. Recommendations are also been discussed and it is expected that effective implementation of the recommendations will help them to effectively operate in the market. Reference Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Chan, K. Y., Kwong, C. K., Dillon, T. S. (2012). An enhanced fuzzy AHP method with extent analysis for determining importance of customer requirements. InComputational Intelligence Techniques for New Product Design(pp. 79-93). 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